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Shloka 2

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

भीष्य उवाच यथादेशं यथाकालं यथाबुद्धि यथाबलम्‌ । अनुशिष्यात्‌ प्रजा राजा धर्मार्थी तद्धिते रत:,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! धर्मकी इच्छा रखनेवाले राजाको देश और कालकी परिस्थितिका ध्यान रखते हुए अपनी बुद्धि और बलके अनुसार प्रजाके हितसाधनमें संलग्न रहकर उसे अपने अनुशासनमें रखना चाहिये

bhīṣma uvāca | yathādeśaṃ yathākālaṃ yathābuddhi yathābalam | anuśiṣyāt prajā rājā dharmārthī taddhite rataḥ ||

भीष्म म्हणाले—राजन्! धर्माची इच्छा असलेल्या राजाने देश-कालाची स्थिती पाहून, आपल्या बुद्धी व बळानुसार, प्रजेच्या हितात रत राहून तिला अनुशासनात ठेवावे.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथा-आदेशम्according to instruction/command
यथा-आदेशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya) + आदेश
Formfunctions adverbially; internal nominal member in accusative singular
यथा-कालम्according to time/occasion
यथा-कालम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya) + काल
Formfunctions adverbially; internal nominal member in accusative singular
यथा-बुद्धिaccording to (one's) understanding
यथा-बुद्धि:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya) + बुद्धि
Formfunctions adverbially; internal nominal member in accusative singular (buddhim implied/treated as avyayibhava)
यथा-बलम्according to (one's) strength
यथा-बलम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya) + बल
Formfunctions adverbially; internal nominal member in accusative singular
अनुशिष्यात्should instruct/discipline
अनुशिष्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + शास्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्म-अर्थीdesiring dharma (righteousness)
धर्म-अर्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म + अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्-हितेin their welfare (in that welfare)
तत्-हिते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतद् + हित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रतःengaged, devoted
रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, past passive participle from √रम् (to delight/be engaged)

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
S
Subjects/people (prajā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s dharma is not rigid rule for its own sake, but welfare-oriented governance: the king should discipline and guide the people while adapting to place, time, and his own capacity, keeping the subjects’ benefit as the guiding aim.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is advising the king (Yudhishthira in context) on how a righteous ruler should administer society—by prudent, context-sensitive governance devoted to the people’s good.