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Shloka 2

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

कथं चारं प्रयुड्जीत वर्णान्‌ विश्वासयेत्‌ कथम्‌ | कथें भृत्यान्‌ कथं दारान्‌ कथे पुत्रांक्ष भारत,राजा गुप्तचरकी नियुक्ति कैसे करे? सब वर्णोके मनमें किस प्रकार विश्वास उत्पन्न करे? भारत! वह भृत्यों, स्त्रियों और पुत्रोंको भी कैसे कार्यमें लगावे? तथा उनके मनमें भी किस तरह विश्वास पैदा करे?

kathaṃ cāraṃ prayuñjīta varṇān viśvāsayet katham | kathaṃ bhṛtyān kathaṃ dārān kathe putrān kṣa bhārata ||

युधिष्ठिर म्हणाला—राजाने गुप्तचरांचा उपयोग कसा करावा? सर्व वर्णांच्या मनात विश्वास कसा उत्पन्न करावा? आणि हे भारत! भृत्य, स्त्रिया व पुत्र यांना कर्तव्यकर्मात कसे नेमावे—आणि त्यांच्या मनातही विश्वास कसा दृढ करावा?

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
चारम्spy-system / espionage
चारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रयुञ्जीतshould employ / should deploy
प्रयुञ्जीत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-युज्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वर्णान्the social classes (varnas)
वर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विश्वासयेत्should cause to trust / should win confidence
विश्वासयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-श्वस् (causative: विश्वासय)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
भृत्यान्servants / dependents
भृत्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
दारान्wives
दारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
पुत्रान्sons
पुत्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhārata (form of address)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central problem of rājadharma: effective rule requires both intelligence-gathering (cāra) and the ethical cultivation of trust—across society (varṇas) and within the ruler’s own household and administration (servants, wives, sons).

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Yudhiṣṭhira asks for guidance on practical governance: how to appoint and use spies, and how to secure the confidence and cooperation of different social groups and close dependents within the royal sphere.