Shloka 36

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

Devanagari script

तस्मान्नित्यं दया कार्या चातुर्वण्यें विपश्चिता | धर्मात्मा सत्यवाक्‌ चैव राजा रञ्जयति प्रजा:,अतः विद्वान राजाको चारों वर्णोॉपर सदा दया करनी चाहिये, धर्मात्मा और सत्यवादी नरेश ही प्रजाको प्रसन्न रख पाता है

Transliteration

tasmān nityaṃ dayā kāryā cāturvarṇye vipaścitā | dharmātmā satyavāk caiva rājā rañjayati prajāḥ ||

Translation

म्हणून विद्वान राजाने चारही वर्णांवर सदैव दया करावी. धर्मात्मा आणि सत्यवादी नरेशच प्रजेला रंजित—म्हणजे संतुष्ट व प्रसन्न—ठेवू शकतो.

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that (reason)
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्
• Form: ablative (pañcamī), singular, masculine/neuter (pronominal)

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य
• Form: adverbial accusative (avyayībhāva usage), singular

• दया: compassion
• दया: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दया
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• कार्या: to be done/should be practiced
• कार्या: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कार्य
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular (gerundive/necessitative; agrees with दया)

• चातुर्वर्ण्ये: in the fourfold social order (the four varṇas)
• चातुर्वर्ण्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: चातुर्वर्ण्य
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• विपश्चिता: by the wise person
• विपश्चिता: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपश्चित्
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• धर्मात्मा: a righteous-souled (king)
• धर्मात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सत्यवाक्: truth-speaking
• सत्यवाक्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्यवाच्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: conjunction

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: particle

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• रञ्जयति: pleases/delights
• Type: Verb
• Root: रञ्ज्
• Form: present (laṭ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

• प्रजाः: the subjects/people
• प्रजाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: feminine, accusative, plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• rājā (the king)
• prajāḥ (the subjects/people)
• cāturvarṇya (the four varṇas)