Shloka 3
Devanagari script
तावपि ख्याततपसौ नरनारायणावृषी
Transliteration
tāv api khyātatapasaū nara-nārāyaṇāv ṛṣī
Translation
ते दोन्ही ऋषी—नर आणि नारायण—तपस्येसाठीही विख्यात होते।
Word by Word
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
ख्याततपसौrenowned for their austerities
ख्याततपसौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootख्याततपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नरनारायणौNara and Nārāyaṇa
नरनारायणौ:
Karta
TypeProper Noun
Rootनरनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ऋषीthe two sages
ऋषी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VaiśampāyanaN
NaraN
NārāyaṇaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse foregrounds Nara and Nārāyaṇa as paradigms of tapas (disciplined austerity), implying that ethical authority in dharma-discourse rests on self-mastery, restraint, and spiritual attainment rather than mere power or status.
Vaiśampāyana, as narrator, introduces or recalls the presence/role of the twin sages Nara and Nārāyaṇa, emphasizing their fame for austerity as a credential for the teaching or episode that follows in this section of Śānti Parva.