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Shloka 35

Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs

एतन्निदर्शनं सम्यगसम्यगनिदर्शनम्‌ । बुध्यमानाप्रबुद्धानां पृथग्पृथगरिंदम

etannidarśanaṃ samyag asamyag-anidarśanam | budhyamānāprabuddhānāṃ pṛthak pṛthag ariṃdama ||

हे शत्रुदमना! हे सम्यक् ज्ञान आणि असम्यक् ज्ञान यांचेच हे निदर्शन आहे. जे समजून घेत आहेत, पण अजून पूर्ण जागृत झालेले नाहीत, त्यांना ही दोन्ही वेगवेगळी भासतात. ज्ञानी पुरुषांचे ज्ञान युक्तियुक्त व प्रमाणसमर्थ असल्याने श्रेष्ठ आणि अज्ञान्यांच्या धारणांपासून भिन्न आहे; परंतु अज्ञान्यांचे तथाकथित ज्ञान अप्रमाणिक व तर्कहीन असल्याने योग्य नाही—ते पूर्वोक्त सम्यक् ज्ञानापासून सर्वथा वेगळे आहे.

etatthis
etat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootetad
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
nidarśanamillustration; indication; example
nidarśanam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootnidarśana
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
samyakproperly; correctly
samyak:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsamyak
asamyakincorrectly; improperly
asamyak:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootasamyak
nidarśanamillustration; indication
nidarśanam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootnidarśana
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
budhyamānaof those who are understanding/awakening
budhyamāna:
TypeAdjective
Root√budh
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
aprabuddhānāmof the unawakened; of the ignorant
aprabuddhānām:
TypeAdjective
Rootaprabuddha
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
pṛthakseparately; distinct
pṛthak:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak
pṛthakeach separately; distinctly
pṛthak:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak
arimdam(a)O subduer of foes
arimdam(a):
TypeNoun
Rootarimdama
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
A
ariṃdama (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

Vasiṣṭha distinguishes valid, reasoned knowledge (samyak-jñāna) from unreliable, ungrounded notions taken as knowledge by the ignorant. True understanding is marked by coherence and proper justification; false understanding lacks these and must be recognized as separate.

In a didactic exchange within Śānti Parva, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king (called ariṃdama) and clarifies how to tell right insight from mistaken views, especially for seekers who are in the process of awakening but not yet fully established in wisdom.