Shloka 4

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

Devanagari script

एवं तस्य प्रवृत्तस्य नित्यमेवानुपश्यत: । रागद्वेषौ विवर्धेते हानित्यत्वमपश्यत:,इस प्रकार प्रवृत्तिमार्गमें रहकर वह नित्य ही उन वस्तुओंको देखता है, किंतु उनकी अनित्यताकी ओर उसकी दृष्टि नहीं जाती; इसलिये उसके मनमें इनके प्रति राग और द्वेष बढ़ने लगते हैं

Transliteration

evaṁ tasya pravṛttasya nityam evānupaśyataḥ | rāga-dveṣau vivardhete hānityatvam apaśyataḥ ||

Translation

अशा रीतीने प्रवृत्तिमार्गात गुंतलेला तो नित्य विषयांकडेच पाहत राहतो; पण त्यांची अनित्यता पाहत नाही. म्हणून त्याच्या अंतःकरणात राग आणि द्वेष वाढत जातात; अनित्यतेचा अविवेकच मनाला प्रिय-अप्रियाच्या बंधनात टाकतो.

Word by Word

एवम्thus, in this manner

तस्यof him/that

प्रवृत्तस्यof one engaged/active (in worldly activity)

नित्यम्always, constantly

एवindeed, just

अनुपश्यतःhe keeps observing/looking at

रागattachment, passion

द्वेषौaversion/hatred (two: attachment and aversion as a pair)

विवर्धेतेgrow, increase

हानित्यत्वम्impermanence

अपश्यत्did not see

Speaker

पराशर उवाच

Characters & Entities

प

पराशर (Parāśara)

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Continual fixation on objects without insight into their impermanence strengthens rāga (attachment) and dveṣa (aversion). Ethical and spiritual clarity arises from seeing transience; otherwise the mind becomes reactive, driven by likes and dislikes.

What is happening in the narrative?

Parāśara is explaining a psychological-spiritual mechanism: a person who stays in pravṛtti (worldly engagement) keeps observing desirable and undesirable objects, but because he does not perceive their anityatva (impermanence), his inner tendencies of attachment and aversion increase.