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Shloka 1

अध्याय २०८ — इन्द्रियनिग्रहः, सत्याहिंसात्मकवाक्, कर्मफलविवेकः

Restraint of the Senses, Non-harming Truthful Speech, and Discernment of Karmic Consequence

ऑपन-- मा बछ। अ<-छऋाज - पुरुष (श्रीकृष्ण) ही यह सब कुछ हैं। अष्टाधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: ब्रह्माके पुत्र मरीचि आदि प्रजापतियोंके वंशका तथा प्रत्येक दिशामें निवास करनेवाले महर्षियोंका वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच के पूर्वमासन्‌ पतय: प्रजानां भरतर्षभ । के चर्षयो महाभागा दिक्षु प्रत्येकश: स्मृता:,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ! पूर्वकालमें कौन-कौन-से लोग प्रजापति थे और प्रत्येक दिशामें किन-किन महाभाग महर्षियोंकी स्थिति मानी गयी है

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

pūrvam āsan patayaḥ prajānāṃ bharatarṣabha |

ke cārṣayo mahābhāgā dikṣu pratyekaśaḥ smṛtāḥ ||

युधिष्ठिर म्हणाले—भरतश्रेष्ठ, पूर्वकाळी प्रजांचे अधिपती (प्रजापती) कोण कोण होते? आणि प्रत्येक दिशेत कोण कोण महाभाग महर्षी निवास करतात असे मानले जाते?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
केwho (which persons)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पूर्वम्formerly, in earlier times
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
पतयःlords, masters
पतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजानाम्of the creatures/subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas (best of Bharatas)
भरतर्षभ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
केwho (which ones)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाभागाःgreatly fortunate, illustrious
महाभागाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दिक्षुin the directions
दिक्षु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
प्रत्येकशःseparately, in each (direction)
प्रत्येकशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रत्येकशस्
स्मृताःare remembered/are regarded (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (past participle)

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressee, traditionally Bhīṣma in Śānti Parva)
P
Prajāpatis (implied by 'patayaḥ prajānām')
Ṛṣis (sages)
D
Dik (the directions/quarters)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry: rightful governance and ethical life are grounded in knowledge of cosmic order—who the primordial progenitors are and how the seer-tradition is situated across the world’s directions.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira asks the elder teacher (addressed as ‘Bharatarṣabha’) to enumerate the ancient Prajāpatis and the great ṛṣis associated with each direction, preparing for a cosmological and genealogical exposition.