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Shloka 4

Yoga, Nārāyaṇa as Supreme Principle, and the Emanation of Categories

Sāṅkhya-Yoga Outline

न चक्षुषा पश्यति रूपमात्मनो न पश्यति स्पर्शनमिन्द्रियेन्द्रियम्‌ । न श्रोत्रलिड्रं श्रवणेन दर्शन तथा कृतं पश्यति तद्‌ विनश्यति,मनुष्य नेत्रोंद्वारा आत्माके रूपका दर्शन नहीं कर सकता। त्वचा नामक इन्द्रिय उसका स्पर्श नहीं कर सकती; क्योंकि वह इन्द्रियोंकी भी इन्द्रिय अर्थात्‌ उनका प्रकाशक है। उस आत्माके स्वरूपका श्रवणेन्द्रियके द्वारा श्रवण नहीं हो सकता; क्‍योंकि वह शब्दरहित है। ज्ञानविषयक विचारसे जब आत्माका साक्षात्कार किया जाता है, तब उसके साधनोंका बाध हो जाता है

na cakṣuṣā paśyati rūpam ātmano na paśyati sparśanam indriyendriyam | na śrotrendriyaṁ śravaṇena darśanaṁ tathā kṛtaṁ paśyati tad vinaśyati ||

भीष्म म्हणाले—आत्म्याचे रूप डोळ्यांनी दिसत नाही; स्पर्शेंद्रिय असलेली त्वचा त्याला स्पर्श करू शकत नाही, कारण आत्माच इंद्रियांचा अंतःप्रकाशक—इंद्रियांचीही इंद्रिय—आहे. कानांनीही त्याचे श्रवण होत नाही, कारण तो शब्दातीत आहे. विवेकज्ञानाने जेव्हा आत्मसाक्षात्कार होतो, तेव्हा सामान्य ज्ञानाची साधने गळून पडतात; कारण त्यांच्याद्वारे जे ग्रहण होते ते नश्वर असते.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चक्षुषाwith/by the eye
चक्षुषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रूपम्form
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्पर्शनम्touch/contact
स्पर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्शन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इन्द्रियsense-organ
इन्द्रिय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रियम्sense-organ (object here: the self as 'sense of senses')
इन्द्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रोत्रम्the ear (hearing organ)
श्रोत्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रियम्sense-organ (i.e., the self as object of hearing)
इन्द्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रवणेनby hearing
श्रवणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दर्शनम्perception/seeing (i.e., apprehension)
दर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदर्शन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कृतम्done/made; (that which is) effected
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विनश्यतिperishes/is destroyed
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, वि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Ātman (Self)
C
cakṣus (eye)
T
tvac (skin, implied by sparśana-indriya)
Ś
śrotra (ear)

Educational Q&A

The ātman cannot be grasped as a sensory object: it is not visible, tangible, or audible, because it is the inner illuminator and controller of the senses. True realization arises through discriminative knowledge, and with that realization the ordinary means that operate on perishable objects lose their relevance.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on liberation-oriented dharma. Here he emphasizes an Upaniṣadic point: the Self is subtler than sensory perception, and spiritual insight requires turning from external objects toward inner discernment.