Shloka 32

न हाातो दुष्करं कर्म किंचिदस्ति सुरोत्तम । यथा विविधवृत्तानामैश्वर्यममराधिप,देवेश्वर! सुरश्रेष्ठ! नाना प्रकारके व्यवहारचतुर लोगोंके ऐश्वर्यपर शासन करना जितना कठिन काम है, उससे बढ़कर दुष्कर कर्म दूसरा कोई नहीं है

na hi ato duṣkaraṁ karma kiñcid asti surottama | yathā vividhavṛttānām aiśvaryam amarādhipa devēśvara suraśreṣṭha ||

हे देवेश्वर, हे सुरश्रेष्ठ! नाना स्वभाव व नाना व्यवहार असलेल्या चतुर जनांवर सार्वभौम सत्ता चालवून शासन करणे जितके कठीण आहे, त्याहून अधिक दुष्कर कर्म दुसरे नाही.

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
hiindeed/for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
ataḥtherefore/from that
ataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatas
duṣkaramdifficult (to do)
duṣkaram:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootduṣkara
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
karmaact/deed/task
karma:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkarman
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
kiñcitany/something (at all)
kiñcit:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkiñcit
astiis/exists
asti:
TypeVerb
Rootas
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular
sura-uttamaO best of the gods
sura-uttama:
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootsura + uttama
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
yathāas/just as
yathā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā
vividha-vṛttānāmof those of diverse conduct/occupations
vividha-vṛttānām:
TypeAdjective/Noun (genitive plural)
Rootvividha + vṛtta
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
aiśvaryamsovereignty/power/wealth
aiśvaryam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootaiśvarya
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
amara-adhipaO lord of the immortals
amara-adhipa:
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootamara + adhipa
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
Amarādhipa (Lord of the gods, i.e., Indra)
D
Devēśvara (Lord of the gods)
S
Surottama/Suraśreṣṭha (Best/Foremost of the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the hardest duty of a ruler is not conquest or ritual, but the ethical and practical challenge of governing people with varied dispositions and behaviors; true sovereignty requires discernment, restraint, and skill in dealing with diversity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and, by invoking epithets of the lord of the gods (Indra), emphasizes that administering power over a heterogeneous society is an exceptionally difficult responsibility.