Shloka 13

Duryodhana-vadha-pratikriyā: Harṣa, Nindā, and Kṛṣṇa’s Nīti-vyākhyā (Śalya-parva 60)

Devanagari script

उवाच चैन संरब्धं शमयन्निव केशव: । आत्मवद्धिमित्रवृद्धिर्मित्रमित्रोदपस्तथा

Transliteration

uvāca cainaṃ saṃrabdhaṃ śamayann iva keśavaḥ | ātmavaddhi mitravṛddhir mitramitrodapās tathā

Translation

संजय म्हणाला—क्रोधाने पेटलेल्या त्याला शांत करीत असल्याप्रमाणे केशवाने हितवचन सांगितले. त्यांनी उपदेश केला—‘सर्वांना स्वतःसारखे समज, मैत्री वाढव, आणि मित्र-अमित्र दोघांबाबत समभाव ठेवून संयम धारण कर.’

Word by Word

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular, परस्मैपदम्

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• संरब्धम्: enraged, agitated
• संरब्धम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संरब्ध
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• शमयन्: pacifying, calming
• शमयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: शम्
• Form: शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त/परस्मैपदी), masculine, nominative, singular

• इव: as if, like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• केशवः: Keshava (Krishna)
• केशवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• आत्मवत्: as oneself; like oneself
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आत्मवत्

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• मित्रवृद्धिः: increase/prosperity of friends
• मित्रवृद्धिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्रवृद्धि
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• मित्रमित्रोदपः: one who gives water to friend and foe alike (impartial benefactor)
• मित्रमित्रोदपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्रमित्रोदप
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तथा: thus; likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Keśava’s counsel emphasizes self-restraint and ethical vision: see others ‘as oneself’ (ātmavat), cultivate friendship, and maintain an even-minded attitude that does not let anger or partiality govern one’s conduct—even amid conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Keśava addresses someone who is in a heated, angry state, speaking in a manner meant to pacify him and redirect his mind toward calm judgment, impartiality, and dharmic conduct.