Shloka 12
गान्धारान् काशिराजं च मरुभूमौ च पार्थिवान् | प्राच्यांश्व दाक्षिणात्यांश्व॒ पार्वतीयांस्तथा नृपान्
gāndhārān kāśirājaṃ ca marubhūmau ca pārthivān | prācyāṃś ca dākṣiṇātyāṃś ca pārvatīyāṃs tathā nṛpān ||
गांधारचे राजे, काशीचा नरेश, मरुभूमीतील पार्थिव, तसेच प्राच्य व दाक्षिणात्य—आणि तसेच पर्वतीय—नृप (मी/त्यांनी) एकत्र (किंवा अधीन) होताना पाहिले.
वसुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse underscores the vast, interconnected political world of the epic—many regions and rulers are implicated in the unfolding consequences of the Yādava-Kuru era, suggesting the breadth of responsibility and the far-reaching effects of adharma and conflict.
Vasudeva is referring to (or enumerating) various regional kings—Gandhāra, Kāśī, desert rulers, easterners, southerners, and mountain kings—situating the episode within a wider pan-Indian setting and indicating the presence/concern of multiple polities in the Mausala Parva context.