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Shloka 21

कर्णनिधनवृत्तान्तनिवेदनम् | Reporting Karṇa’s Fall to Yudhiṣṭhira

न हि कार्यमकार्य वा सुखं ज्ञातुं कथंचन । श्रुतेन ज्ञायते सर्व तच्च त्वं नावबुध्यसे

na hi kāryam akāryaṃ vā sukhaṃ jñātuṃ kathaṃcana | śrutena jñāyate sarvaṃ tac ca tvaṃ nāvabudhyase ||

कर्तव्य व अकर्तव्य यांचे ज्ञान काहीही करून सहज मिळत नाही. हे सर्व श्रुती/शास्त्रातून कळते; पण तू ते समजून घेत नाहीस.

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
hiindeed/for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
kāryamwhat ought to be done (duty)
kāryam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkārya
Formneuter, accusative, singular
akāryamwhat ought not to be done (forbidden act)
akāryam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootakārya
Formneuter, accusative, singular
or
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
sukhameasily
sukham:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootsukha
Formneuter, accusative, singular
jñātumto know
jñātum:
TypeVerb
Rootjñā
Formtumun (infinitive)
kathaṃcanain any way/at all
kathaṃcana:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkathaṃcana
śrutenaby scripture/by what is heard (śruti/teaching)
śrutena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootśruta
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
jñāyateis known/is ascertained
jñāyate:
TypeVerb
Rootjñā
Formlat, ātmanepada, passive, third, singular
sarvamall (of it)
sarvam:
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
tatthat
tat:
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottvad
Formnominative, singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
avabudhyaseyou understand/you comprehend
avabudhyase:
TypeVerb
Rootava√budh
Formlat, ātmanepada, active, second, singular

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
Ś
śruti

Educational Q&A

Moral clarity about duty (kārya) and prohibition (akārya) is not gained casually or by convenience; it requires guidance from authoritative sacred teaching (śruti/śāstra). Kṛṣṇa rebukes the listener for lacking or ignoring that grounding.

In the Karṇa Parva battle context, Kṛṣṇa speaks as a moral instructor, pressing that decisions in war and conduct must be judged by dharma as taught in śāstra/śruti, not by impulse, self-interest, or superficial reasoning.