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Shloka 10

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

शर्मिष्ठाजानती वासो गुरुपुत्र्या: समव्ययत् । स्वीयं मत्वा प्रकुपिता देवयानीदमब्रवीत् ॥ १० ॥

śarmiṣṭhājānatī vāso guru-putryāḥ samavyayat svīyaṁ matvā prakupitā devayānīdam abravīt

शर्मिष्ठाने नकळत गुरुपुत्री देवयानीचे वस्त्र आपले समजून अंगावर घेतले. त्यामुळे देवयानी रागावली आणि ती असे बोलली.

śarmiṣṭhāŚarmiṣṭhā
śarmiṣṭhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśarmiṣṭhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
ajānatīnot knowing
ajānatī:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/participial)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक शतृ (Present active participle with negation a-), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
vāsaḥthe garment
vāsaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (छन्दसि/प्रयोगे रूपम्; सामान्यतः vāsas)
guru-putryāḥof the guru’s daughter
guru-putryāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootguru-putrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (guroḥ putrī)
samavyayattook away/appropriated
samavyayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + ava + i (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: sam-, ava-; अर्थे: ‘अपहरत्/अगृह्णात्’ (took away)
svīyamas her own
svīyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
matvāhaving thought/considered
matvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootman (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive), अव्ययभाव
prakupitāenraged
prakupitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra + kupita (प्रातिपदिक; from √kup)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपसर्ग: pra-
devayānīDevayānī
devayānī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdevayānī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā
D
Devayānī

FAQs

This verse shows how mistaking something as “mine” can trigger anger and conflict—Devayānī becomes enraged simply by believing the garment was her own.

Śarmiṣṭhā unknowingly wore Devayānī’s garment; Devayānī, thinking her property had been taken, became furious and confronted her.

Verify facts before reacting—many quarrels begin from misunderstanding and possessiveness; pausing to clarify can prevent unnecessary harm.