Mantra 12

Rishi: Traditionally ascribed within the Īśāvāsya complex to Yājñavalkya/Śukla-Yajurvedic transmission (not uniformly fixed in all anukramaṇīs).

Devata: Adhyātma/Ātman (didactic, not a single devatā-invocation).

Chandas: Mixed/prose-like anuṣṭubh tendency; often treated as didactic śloka-like cadence rather than strict ṛgvedic meter.

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अ॒न्धं तम॒ः प्रवि॑शन्ति॒ येऽवि॑द्यामु॒पास॑ते । ततो॒ भूय॑ इव॒ ते तमो॒ य उ॑ वि॒द्याया॑ᳪ र॒ताः ॥

Transliteration

andháṃ támaḥ práviśanti yé’vidyām upā́sate | tató bhū́ya iva té támo yá u vidyā́yāṃ ratā́ḥ ||

Translation

അവിദ്യ (അജ്ഞാനം) ഉപാസിക്കുന്നവർ അന്ധകാരമായ തമസ്സിൽ പ്രവേശിക്കുന്നു; വിദ്യയിൽ മാത്രം രതരായിരിക്കുന്നവർ അതിലും അധികം ഘോരമായ തമസ്സിലേക്കെന്നപോലെ പോകുന്നു.

Padapatha (Word Analysis)

अन्धम् । तमः । प्रविशन्ति । ये । अविद्याम् । उपासते । ततः । भूयः । इव । ते । तमः । ये । उ । विद्यायाम् । रताः ।

Entities Mentioned

• Ātman / Adhyātma (Self as the teaching-focus)
• Īśa (the all-pervading Lord, implied by the Īśāvāsya context)