Shloka 2

स्वयंप्रभा

प्रश्नोत्तरम् / Svayamprabha Explains the Golden Forest and Questions the Vanaras

Devanagari script

इदं प्रविष्टास्सहसा बिलं तिमिरसंवृतम्।क्षुत्पिपासापरिश्रान्ताः परिखिन्नाश्च सर्वशः।।4.51.2।।

Transliteration

idaṃ praviṣṭāḥ sahasā bilaṃ timirasaṃvṛtam | kṣutpipāsāpariśrāntāḥ parikhinnāś ca sarvaśaḥ || 4.51.2 ||

Translation

ഇരുട്ടാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ട ഈ ഗുഹയിൽ ഞങ്ങൾ പെട്ടെന്ന് കടന്നു; വിശപ്പും ദാഹവും കൊണ്ട് ക്ഷീണിച്ച്, എല്ലാതരത്തിലും അത്യന്തം തളർന്നിരുന്നു.

Word by Word

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘बिलम्’ विशेषयति

• प्रविष्टाः: entered
• प्रविष्टाः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√विश् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) परन्तु कर्तरि प्रयोग (entered), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृसम्बन्धः

• सहसा: suddenly
• सहसा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, आकस्मिकत्व/शीघ्रत्ववाचक (suddenly/at once)

• बिलम्: cave
• बिलम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तिमिर-संवृतम्: covered with darkness
• तिमिर-संवृतम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तिमिर (प्रातिपदिक) + संवृत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘तिमिरेण संवृतम्’ = instrumental relation), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘बिलम्’ विशेषयति

• क्षुत्-पिपासा-परिश्रान्ताः: exhausted by hunger and thirst
• क्षुत्-पिपासा-परिश्रान्ताः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुत् (प्रातिपदिक) + पिपासा (प्रातिपदिक) + परिश्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: समास (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘क्षुत्पिपासाभ्याम् परिश्रान्ताः’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

• परिखिन्नाः: wearied
• परिखिन्नाः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-√खिद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: PPP, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक

• सर्वशः: completely
• सर्वशः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + शस् (अव्ययप्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (altogether/in every way)

Context

'What is your mission? For what purpose have you come to this inaccessible forest? What are you looking for?How did you find this?

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya (truthfulness) expressed as straightforward confession of one’s condition; dharmic conduct begins with honest speech and transparency rather than concealment.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman and the vanaras, weakened by hunger and thirst during their search, have entered a dark cave and explain why they came in.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Candor and accountability—Hanuman openly states their distress and action without evasion.