Shloka 8

Devanagari script

नयश्च विनयश्चोभौ यस्मिन्सत्यं च सुस्थितम्।विक्रमश्च यथा दृष्टस्स राजा देशकालवित्।।

Transliteration

nayaś ca vinayaś cobhau yasmin satyaṃ ca susthitam | vikramaś ca yathā dṛṣṭaḥ sa rājā deśakālavit ||

Translation

നയവും വിനയവും ഇരട്ടയായും വസിക്കുന്നവനും, സത്യം ദൃഢമായി സ്ഥാപിതമായിരിക്കുന്നവനും, പരാക്രമം ദൃശ്യമായിരിക്കുന്നവനും—ദേശകാലം അറിയുന്ന അത്തരം രാജാവാണ് അവൻ.

Word by Word

• nayaḥ: policy/justice
• nayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• vinayaḥ: discipline
• vinayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vinaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• ubhau: both
• ubhau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual; agrees with nayaḥ/vinayaḥ as a pair

• yasmin: in whom
• yasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; relative pronoun referring to rājā

• satyam: truth
• satyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• susthitam: well-established
• susthitam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su- (उपसर्ग) + sthā (धातु √sthā) + sthita (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) with prefix su-; Neuter, Nominative, Singular; agrees with satyam

• vikramaḥ: valor
• vikramaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• yathā: as
• yathā: Upamā/Prakāra (उपमा/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb/conjunction meaning 'as/just as'

• dṛṣṭaḥ: is seen
• dṛṣṭaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु √dṛś) + dṛṣṭa (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used predicatively; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; 'seen/observed'

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• rājā: king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• deśa-kāla-vit: knower of place and time
• deśa-kāla-vit: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + vid (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक from √vid)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष 'deśa-kālaṃ vetti' = knower of place and time

Context

'Bharata in whom justice and discipline, truth and courage along with the knowledge of time and place for action are firmly rooted is king (of this earth).

Characters & Entities

• Bharata (implied as the king described)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance requires truth, disciplined conduct, and context-sensitive action (knowing deśa and kāla), not mere power.

What is the narrative situation?

While arguing about righteousness and royal conduct, the discourse presents the qualities by which true kingship is recognized.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The virtue of satya (truth) joined with vinaya (restraint) and naya (just policy), supported by courage.