Shloka 20

सीतावियोगे रामविलापः

Rama’s Lament in Separation from Sita

Devanagari script

इतीव सौमित्रिमुदग्रपौरुषं ब्रुवन्तमार्तो रघुवंशवर्धनः।न चिन्तयामास धृतिं विमुक्तवान्पुनश्च दुःखं महदभ्युपागमत्।।।।

Transliteration

itīva saumitrim udagrapauruṣaṃ bruvantam ārto raghuvaṃśavardhanaḥ |

na cintayāmāsa dhṛtiṃ vimuktavān punaś ca duḥkhaṃ mahad abhyupāgamat ||

Translation

സൗമിത്രിയായ ലക്ഷ്മണൻ ഉന്നത വീര്യത്തോടെ ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞിട്ടും, രഘുവംശവർധകനായ ശ്രീരാമൻ അതിൽ നിന്ന് ധൈര്യം കൈവരിച്ചില്ല; ധൃതിയെ വിട്ട് അദ്ദേഹം വീണ്ടും മഹാശോകത്തിൽ ആകുലനായി.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-प्रवर्तक (quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle: ‘thus’)

• इव: as if
• इव: सम्बन्ध (comparative particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-प्रत्ययः (particle of comparison: ‘as/like’)

• सौमित्रिम्: Lakshmana (son of Sumitra)
• सौमित्रिम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौमित्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular masculine)

• उदग्रपौरुषम्: of lofty/great prowess
• उदग्रपौरुषम्: विशेषण (qualifier of ‘सौमित्रिम्’ by implication: ‘one of lofty prowess’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदग्र + पौरुष (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular neuter); कर्मधारय-समासः (उदग्रं पौरुषं यस्य/यत्)

• ब्रुवन्तम्: speaking/saying
• ब्रुवन्तम्: कर्म-विशेषण (describing the object ‘सौमित्रिम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु) → ब्रुवत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ-प्रत्ययः); पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (present active participle, accusative singular masculine)

• आर्तः: distressed/dejected
• आर्तः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (nominative singular masculine)

• रघुवंशवर्धनः: the increaser of Raghu’s lineage (Rama)
• रघुवंशवर्धनः: कर्ता (apposition to ‘आर्तः’ = Rama)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रघु + वंश + वर्धन (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (nominative singular masculine); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (रघोः वंशस्य वर्धनः)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध-प्रत्ययः (negation particle)

• चिन्तयामास: considered/thought of
• चिन्तयामास: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (परिप्रास-लिट्/परिपूर्णभूतार्थे); प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचन; परस्मैपदम् (he thought/considered)

• धृतिम्: steadfastness/courage
• धृतिम्: कर्म (object of ‘चिन्तयामास’ in sense ‘did not keep/maintain’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular feminine)

• विमुक्तवान्: having abandoned/let go
• विमुक्तवान्: कर्ता-विशेषण (describing the subject ‘रघुवंशवर्धनः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + मुच् (धातु) → विमुक्त (कृदन्त) + वान्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययः) ‘विमुक्त’ + ‘वान्’ (possessive periphrastic perfect sense); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (one who has abandoned/let go)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/पुनरावृत्ति-बोधक क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb: again)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction: and)

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: कर्म (object of ‘अभ्युपागमत्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular neuter)

• महत्: great/deep
• महत्: विशेषण (qualifier of ‘दुःखम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular neuter)

• अभ्युपागमत्: was overtaken/approached
• अभ्युपागमत्: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + उप + गम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (अनद्यतनभूत/imperf.); प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचन; परस्मैपदम् (he came upon/was overtaken)

Context

Her face with her clear, sweet and gentle words and her curly hair falling will no more look bright coming under the grip of demons like the moon eclipsed by Rahu.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana (Saumitri)
• Raghu dynasty

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes perseverance: even the righteous can be shaken, but the narrative records this truthfully (satya) to show that steadfastness must be regained through effort and support.

What is the narrative situation?

After Lakshmana’s courageous counsel, Rama still fails to regain composure and is again overwhelmed by sorrow, closing the chapter’s emotional arc.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakshmana’s fortitude and counsel on one side, and Rama’s human vulnerability on the other—portraying ethical heroism as real, not emotionless.