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Shloka 11

मारीचस्य रावणं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Maricha’s Counsel on Kingship and Ruin to Ravana

राज्यं पालयितुं शक्यं न तीक्ष्णेन निशाचर।न चापि प्रतिकूलेन नाविनीतेन राक्षस।।।।

rājyaṃ pālayituṃ śakyaṃ na tīkṣṇena niśācara | na cāpi pratikūlena nāvinītena rākṣasa ||

ഹേ നിശാചരാ! കടുപ്പം കൊണ്ടു രാജ്യം പാലിക്കാനാവില്ല; വൈരഭാവം കൊണ്ടും അല്ല; വിനയവും സംയമവും ഇല്ലാത്തവനാലും അല്ല, ഹേ രാക്ഷസാ!

राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्
पालयितुम्to rule
पालयितुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); ‘to protect/rule’
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य (प्रातिपदिक; from शक् + यत्)
Formयत्-प्रत्ययान्त (potential/‘possible’); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; विधेयविशेषणम्
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध particle
तीक्ष्णेनby a harsh (person)
तीक्ष्णेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया एकवचनम्; साधन/agent-like instrumental
निशाचरO night-ranger
निशाचर:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशाचर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन एकवचनम्
nor/not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध particle
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय conjunction
अपिeven/also
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle; ‘also/even’
प्रतिकूलेनby a hostile (person)
प्रतिकूलेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया एकवचनम्
nor/not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध particle
अविनीतेनby an undisciplined (person)
अविनीतेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअविनीत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया एकवचनम्
राक्षसO demon
राक्षस:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन एकवचनम्

Ministers who adopt improper strategies go down along with the king just like swift horses driven by a slow charioteer on a rugged terrain.

M
Mārīca
R
Rāvaṇa
R
rājya (kingdom)

FAQs

Rāja-dharma requires restraint, courtesy, and non-hostility toward subjects; cruelty and arrogance destroy governance.

Mārīca cautions Rāvaṇa against a temperament unfit for kingship while urging him away from adharma-driven action.

Vinaya (discipline and humility) and self-restraint as essential virtues of a ruler.