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Shloka 12

मारीचोपदेश

प्रतिषेधः / Ravana Rejects Maricha’s Counsel and Orders the Golden Deer Deception

पञ्च रूपाणि राजानो धारयन्त्यमितौजसः।अग्नेरिन्द्रस्य सोमस्य वरुणस्य यमस्य च।।3.40.12।।

pañca rūpāṇi rājāno dhārayanty amitaujasaḥ |

agner indrasya somasya varuṇasya yamasya ca ||

അപരിമിത തേജസ്സുള്ള രാജാക്കന്മാർ അഞ്ചു രൂപങ്ങൾ ധരിക്കുന്നു—അഗ്നിയുടെ, ഇന്ദ്രന്റെ, സോമന്റെ (ചന്ദ്രന്റെ), വരുണന്റെ, യമന്റെ.

pañcafive
pañca:
Saṅkhyā (संख्या)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpañca (अव्यय/संख्या-शब्द)
FormNumeral used indeclinably (संख्यावाचक-अव्यय)
rūpāṇiforms
rūpāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
rājānaḥkings
rājānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
dhārayantibear/assume
dhārayanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdhṛ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
amita-ojasaḥof immeasurable power
amita-ojasaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootamita (प्रातिपदिक) + ojas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि: ‘whose vigor is immeasurable’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying rājānaḥ
agneḥof Agni (fire)
agneḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
indrasyaof Indra
indrasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
somasyaof Soma
somasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootsoma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
varuṇasyaof Varuna
varuṇasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootvaruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
yamasyaof Yama
yamasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक)

Very powerful kings assume five forms like fire, Indra, Moon, Varuna and Yama.

R
Rāvaṇa
M
Mārīca
A
Agni
I
Indra
S
Soma
V
Varuṇa
Y
Yama
K
Kings (rājānaḥ)

FAQs

Rajadharma requires a ruler to embody multiple modes—severity, valor, gentleness, restraint, and justice—according to circumstance.

In defending his status, Rāvaṇa describes the quasi-divine dimensions of kingship to demand deference from Mārīca.

The ideal of balanced rulership (multi-aspect governance), even though Rāvaṇa himself fails to live up to it.