Shloka 175

Genealogy of the Ancestors (Pitṛs) and the Procedure of Śrāddha

Devanagari script

वित्तशाठ्येन रहितः पितृभ्यः प्रीतिमावहेत् । ततः स्वधावाचनकं विश्वेदेवेषु चोदकं

Transliteration

vittaśāṭhyena rahitaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ prītimāvahet | tataḥ svadhāvācanakaṃ viśvedeveṣu codakaṃ

Translation

ധനകാര്യത്തിൽ കപടമില്ലാതെ പിതൃകളെ പ്രസന്നരാക്കണം. തുടർന്ന് ‘സ്വധാ’ ആഹ്വാനപാഠം ചെയ്ത് വിശ്വേദേവന്മാർക്ക് ഉദക-തർപ്പണം അർപ്പിക്കണം.

Word by Word

• वित्तशाठ्येन: by deceit regarding wealth
• वित्तशाठ्येन: Karana (Means/Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वित्त (प्रातिपदिक) + शाठ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (neuter; instrumental; singular)

• रहितः: free from; devoid of
• रहितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रहित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (masculine; nominative; singular); विशेषण

• पितृभ्यः: to the ancestors
• पितृभ्यः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; dative; plural)

• प्रीतिम्: satisfaction; pleasure
• प्रीतिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (feminine; accusative; singular)

• आवहेत्: should bring about
• आवहेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + वह् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन (optative; parasmaipada; 3rd person; singular)

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana (Temporal/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रम/हेतुवाचक (indeclinable; ‘then/thereafter’)

• स्वधावाचनकम्: the recitation of ‘svadhā’
• स्वधावाचनकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक) + वाचनक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (neuter; accusative; singular)

• विश्वेदेवेषु: among/for the Viśvedevas
• विश्वेदेवेषु: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वे-देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; locative; plural)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (indeclinable; ‘and’)

• उदकम्: water (libation)
• उदकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (neuter; accusative; singular)

Speaker

Not explicitly stated in the provided excerpt (context-dependent within Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa Adhyaya 9).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्रीतिमावहेत् → प्रीतिम् + आवहेत्; स्वधावाचनकं (समास) = स्वधा + वाचनक; चोदकं → च + उदकम्; वित्तशाठ्येन (समास) = वित्त + शाठ्य

Characters & Entities

• Pitṛs
• Viśvedevas

FAQs

What ritual sequence is described in this verse?

It advises first pleasing the Pitṛs without any deceit regarding wealth, and then performing the svadhā-recitation followed by offering water (udaka/tarpaṇa) to the Viśvedevas.

What ethical principle is emphasized alongside ritual performance?

The verse stresses honesty and non-deception in matters of wealth (vitta-śāṭhya-rahita), implying that ritual acts should be supported by ethical integrity.

Who are the Viśvedevas in this context?

The Viśvedevas are a collective class of deities often invoked in śrāddha contexts; here they receive a water-offering after the svadhā-invocation connected with ancestor rites.