Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

The Deeds of Sukalā in the Vena Narrative: Battle, Liberation of the Boar-King, and Gandharva-Kingship

निशितेन शरेण हतो हि यदा नृपतेर्हयपादतले प्रगतः । तमिहैव विलंघ्य च वेगमनाः प्रखरेण जवेन च कोलवरः

niśitena śareṇa hato hi yadā nṛpaterhayapādatale pragataḥ | tamihaiva vilaṃghya ca vegamanāḥ prakhareṇa javena ca kolavaraḥ

അവൻ രാജാവിന്റെ കുതിരക്കുളമ്പിന് കീഴിലേക്ക് എത്തിയപ്പോൾ മൂർച്ചയുള്ള അമ്പാൽ വെട്ടേറ്റു; അപ്പോൾ കോലവരൻ വേഗമനസ്സോടെ അവനെ അവിടെയേ ലംഘിച്ച് കഠിന വേഗത്തിൽ പാഞ്ഞു।

निशितेनwith the sharp
निशितेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, neuter; used adjectivally)
शरेणby an arrow
शरेण:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masculine)
हतःwas struck/killed
हतः:
कर्मणि-प्रयोगे कर्तृस्थ-विशेषणम् (Predicate/Result state)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (Past passive participle; nominative singular masculine)
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपातः (particle/emphasis)
यदाwhen
यदा:
कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb/conjunction: 'when')
नृपतेःof the king
नृपतेः:
षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Possessor/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Genitive singular, masculine)
हयपादतलेon the sole of the horse’s hoof/foot
हयपादतले:
अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootहय + पाद + तल (प्रातिपदिकानि)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Locative singular, neuter); समासः: हयस्य पादस्य तलम् (tatpuruṣa)
प्रगतःhaving gone/advanced
प्रगतः:
कर्मणि/अवस्था (State/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + गम् (धातु) → प्रगत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (Past participle; nominative singular masculine)
तम्him/that one
तम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Accusative singular, masculine pronoun)
इहhere
इह:
देशाधिकरण (Place adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb of place)
एवjust/indeed
एव:
निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपातः (restrictive particle)
विलङ्घ्यhaving leapt over
विलङ्घ्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + लङ्घ् (धातु) → विलङ्घ्य (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तः अव्ययभावः (gerund/absolutive: 'having leapt over')
and
:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
वेगमनाःswift-minded
वेगमनाः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवेग + मनस् (प्रातिपदिकानि)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, masculine); समासः: वेगः मनसि यस्य/वेगेन मनः (tatpuruṣa; 'swift-minded')
प्रखरेणwith fierce
प्रखरेण:
करण (Instrument/Means)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रखर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, neuter; used adjectivally)
जवेनspeed
जवेन:
करण (Instrument/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootजव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masculine)
and
:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
कोलवरःKolavara (a boar/boar-hero name)
कोलवरः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकोलवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, masculine)

Narratorial voice (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Concept: Even when struck down, the force of prior impulse (saṃskāra/vega) drives action; worldly speed cannot ultimately outrun death, but it shapes the narrative toward its destined end.

Application: Cultivate momentum in wholesome directions (practice, prayer, discipline), because habits carry one forward even under pressure; redirect ‘speed’ toward sādhana.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A sharp arrow flashes; a figure collapses beneath the pounding hooves, yet in the same breath Kolavara vaults forward—an explosive leap over the fallen body. Dust spirals around the horse’s legs as the boar-warrior’s ferocity becomes a blur of motion.","primary_figures":["Kolavara","Kṣatriya king","Horse","Fallen warrior (beneath hooves)"],"setting":"Close-up battlefield vignette focused on hooves, arrow-flight, and the leaping figure; churned earth and scattered shafts.","lighting_mood":"harsh midday glare through dust","color_palette":["sun-bleached sand","blood crimson","charcoal black","bronze","ashen white"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: dramatic freeze-frame of Kolavara mid-leap over a fallen body near the king’s horse; gold leaf highlights on arrowhead, armor edges, and royal ornaments; saturated reds and greens; ornate arch-like frame with lotus and conch motifs.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: dynamic diagonal composition—arrow line leading to the fallen figure, Kolavara arcing over; delicate stippling for dust; restrained palette with crisp detailing on textiles and tack; distant soldiers as tiny silhouettes.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold contour lines emphasizing the leap; stylized horse legs and swirling dust motifs; strong red-yellow-green blocks; expressive eyes and exaggerated gesture to convey speed and shock.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: narrative panel with decorative dust-cloud patterns; border of lotus vines and subtle Vaishnava emblems; deep indigo background with gold accents, making the arrow’s path a luminous line."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"dramatic","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"fast-dramatic","voice_tone":"emotional","sound_elements":["whistling arrow","hoof thunder","shouts","metal clang","dusty wind"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: नृपतेर्हयपादतले = नृपतेः + हयपादतले; तमिहैव = तम् + इह + एव; विलंघ्य → विलङ्घ्य (अनुस्वार/ङ्-आदेश); वेगमनाः treated as समास (वेग+मनस्).

N
nṛpati (king)
K
Kolavara

FAQs

In this excerpt, Kolavara appears as a named figure acting swiftly in a battle-like scene; the verse portrays him as driven by speed, leaping over a fallen/struck person and rushing onward.

A person is struck down by a sharp arrow beneath the king’s horse’s hoof, and Kolavara immediately leaps over him and continues forward at great speed.

Not directly; it is primarily narrative and kinetic. Any broader ethical or spiritual inference would depend on the surrounding verses and the larger episode in Adhyaya 44.