Next Verse

Shloka 1

Kāṣṭhīla-Upākhyāna: Rākṣasī, Spear-Śakti, and Kāśī as Śakti-kṣetra

काष्ठीलोवाच । राक्षसं धावमानं तु कालांतकयमोपमम् । दृष्ट्वा सा राक्षसी प्राह भर्तारं मम शंकिता ॥ १ ॥

kāṣṭhīlovāca | rākṣasaṃ dhāvamānaṃ tu kālāṃtakayamopamam | dṛṣṭvā sā rākṣasī prāha bhartāraṃ mama śaṃkitā || 1 ||

കാഷ്ഠീലൻ പറഞ്ഞു—കാലാന്തക യമനെപ്പോലെ ഭീകരമായി പാഞ്ഞുവരുന്ന രാക്ഷസനെ കണ്ടപ്പോൾ, ഭയത്തോടെ സംശയാകുലയായ ആ രാക്ഷസി ഭർത്താവിനോട് പറഞ്ഞു।

kāṣṭhīlaḥKāṣṭhīla
kāṣṭhīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṣṭhīla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु) लिट्
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
rākṣasamthe demon
rākṣasam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
dhāvamānamrunning
dhāvamānam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√dhāv (धातु) शानच्
Formवर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present middle participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘rākṣasam’ इत्यस्य विशेषण
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
kāla-antaka-yama-upamamlike Kāla, Antaka, and Yama
kāla-antaka-yama-upamam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + antaka (प्रातिपदिक) + yama (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष, ‘...उपमम्’ = comparable to Kāla, Antaka, and Yama
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√dṛś (धातु) त्वा
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund)
she
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
rākṣasīthe demoness
rākṣasī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन
prāhasaid
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√ah (धातु) लिट्
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: प्र
bhartāramto (her) husband
bhartāram:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (सम्प्रदान/सम्बोधन-लक्ष्य), एकवचन
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
śaṃkitāfrightened/suspicious
śaṃkitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśaṃkita (कृदन्त; √śaṅk (धातु) क्त)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, ‘राक्षसी’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

Kāṣṭhīla

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka (fear)

Secondary Rasa: vira (heroic)

Y
Yama

FAQs

It uses the image of a death-like, Yama-comparable threat to set a moral-spiritual tone: worldly power and fear are transient, and the narrative that follows typically points the listener toward dharma and the protective merit associated with sacred conduct and tīrtha-mahātmya.

This verse itself is narrative and does not directly teach bhakti practices; however, by highlighting fear before a death-like force, it prepares the ground for the Purāṇic move toward refuge—where devotion and remembrance of the divine are presented as inner protection amid peril.

No explicit Vedāṅga instruction appears in this line; it is a narrative verse employing simile (upamā) and Purāṇic imagery (Yama as kālāntaka) rather than teaching vyākaraṇa, jyotiṣa, or ritual procedure.