Shloka 25

क्षये वाप्यथवा वृद्धौ संप्राप्ते वा दिनोदये । उपोष्या द्वादशी पुण्या पूर्वविद्धां विवर्जयेत् ॥ २५ ॥

kṣaye vāpyathavā vṛddhau saṃprāpte vā dinodaye | upoṣyā dvādaśī puṇyā pūrvaviddhāṃ vivarjayet || 25 ||

തിഥി ക്ഷയമായാലും വർദ്ധിയായാലും, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സൂര്യോദയത്തിൽ തന്നെ ലഭിച്ചാലും, പുണ്യമായ ദ്വാദശി ഉപവാസത്തോടെ ആചരിക്കണം; എന്നാൽ മുൻതിഥി-വിദ്ധമായ (പൂർവ്വവിദ്ധാ) ദ്വാദശി ഒഴിവാക്കണം।

kṣayein decline/waning
kṣaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘क्षय’ इति अवस्थाविशेषे (in the condition of waning/decline)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle ‘or’)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-कार (particle ‘also/even’)
athavāor else
athavā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootathavā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (alternative ‘or else’)
vṛddhauin increase/growth
vṛddhau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘वृद्धि’ अवस्थायाम् (in the condition of increase)
saṃprāptewhen (it) has occurred/arrived
saṃprāpte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam + √prāp (धातु) → saṃprāpta (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘प्राप्ते’ = when (it) has occurred/arrived
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle ‘or’)
dinodayeat daybreak/sunrise
dinodaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdina-udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-सन्निकर्षः) ‘दिनस्य उदयः’ = sunrise/daybreak
upoṣyāto be fasted (should be observed)
upoṣyā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa + √vas (धातु) → upoṣya (कृदन्त, यत्/तव्यत्-प्रायः)
Formविधेय-विशेषणरूप कृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘उपोष्या’ = to be fasted/should be observed as fast
dvādaśīDvādaśī (12th lunar day)
dvādaśī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvādaśī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तिथि-नाम (the twelfth lunar day)
puṇyāholy/meritorious
puṇyā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpuṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying dvādaśī)
pūrvaviddhāmthe one tainted by the previous (tithi)
pūrvaviddhām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpūrva-viddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘पूर्वेण विद्धा’ = pierced/tainted by the previous (day/tithi); dvādaśīm इति कर्म-विशेषणम्
vivarjayetshould avoid
vivarjayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi + √vṛj (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; ‘विवर्जयेत्’ = should avoid

Narada (teaching tithi-based vrata procedure in the Uttara-Bhaga context)

Vrata: Dvādaśī (connected to Ekādaśī-vrata observance)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

FAQs

It emphasizes that correct timing (tithi-śuddhi) is itself a form of dharma: Dvādaśī fasting is sacred, but it should be performed on a properly qualified Dvādaśī, avoiding impurity caused by overlap with the prior tithi (pūrvaviddhā).

By prescribing careful observance of Dvādaśī (closely linked with Vaiṣṇava vrata discipline), it frames bhakti as disciplined worship—devotion expressed through regulated fasting and adherence to scriptural calendrical rules.

Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astrology/calendar science): it uses technical tithi conditions like kṣaya (shortened tithi), vṛddhi (extended tithi), sunrise-based determination, and the rule to reject a pūrvaviddhā tithi for vrata decisions.