Shloka 45

Adhyaya 8Vasu's Redemption

अस्ताचलं प्रयातेर्'के शप्स्यामि त्वां ततो ध्रुवम् । इत्युक्त्वा स ययौ विप्रो राजा चासीद्भयातुरः ॥

astācalaṃ prayāter ’rke śapsyāmi tvāṃ tato dhruvam | ity uktvā sa yayau vipro rājā cāsīd bhayāturaḥ ||

സൂര്യൻ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പർവതത്തിൽ അസ്തമിക്കുമ്പോൾ, അപ്പോൾ ഞാൻ നിന്നെ തീർച്ചയായും ശപിക്കും. ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞ് ആ ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പുറപ്പെട്ടു; രാജാവ് ഭയത്താൽ വ്യാകുലനായി।

astācalamto the western mountain
astācalam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of motion)
TypeNoun
Rootasta (प्रातिपदिक) + acala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय: ‘setting-mountain’, i.e., western mountain); Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
prayātewhen (it) has gone
prayāte:
Kāla (काल/when)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra+yā (धातु) → prayāta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP) used in locative absolute; Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; with arke
arkewhen the sun (has gone)
arke:
Kāla (काल/Locative absolute)
TypeNoun
Rootarka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘sun’
śapsyāmiI will curse
śapsyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśap (धातु)
FormFuture tense (लृट्), Parasmaipada; 1st person (उत्तम-पुरुष), Singular
tvāmyou
tvām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; 2nd person pronoun
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla/Anantarya (काल/अनन्तर्य)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAblatival adverb (ततः—तस्मात्/ततः), ‘then/from that’
dhruvamcertainly
dhruvam:
Nishchaya (निश्चय/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdhruva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative used as indeclinable (निश्चयार्थक)
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha (वाक्यार्थ/quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-उद्धरणार्थक)
uktvāhaving said
uktvā:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल/preceding action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvac (धातु) → uktvā (क्त्वान्त/अव्ययकृदन्त)
FormGerund/absolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable; ‘having said’
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
yayauwent
yayau:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada; 3rd person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Singular
vipraḥthe brāhmaṇa
vipraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject-apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; apposition to saḥ
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connecting)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय)
āsītwas
āsīt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada; 3rd person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Singular
bhaya-āturaḥdistressed with fear
bhaya-āturaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय: ‘distressed by fear’); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective of rājā
Narratorial voice reporting a brahmin’s speech to a king (frame-speaker not determinable from single verse)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhaya", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Surya (Arka) (as temporal marker: sunset)
DharmaPower of a Brahmin’s curseRoyal conduct and accountabilityKarmic consequenceFear as moral catalyst

FAQs

The verse underscores the dharmic principle that adharma toward a sage/Brahmin rebounds swiftly: a king’s worldly power is checked by tapas and speech-power (vāg-śakti). Fear here functions as conscience—an inner recognition that social authority must remain aligned with righteousness and humility.

Primarily it belongs to Vaṃśānucarita/Carita (narrative of persons and events) rather than Sarga/Pratisarga/Manvantara/Vaṃśa. It is an ethical episode illustrating dharma through story, not a cosmological or genealogical enumeration in this single verse.

Sunset (astācala) symbolizes the closing of a moral ‘day’: time ripens karma. The brahmin’s deferred curse indicates that consequences may be time-bound yet inevitable (dhruvam). The king’s fear reflects the soul’s tremor when confronted with ṛta (cosmic order) after deviation.