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Shloka 16

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

पक्षिण ऊचुः राजानं व्याकुलं दीनं चिन्तयानमधोमुखम् ।

प्रत्युवाच तदा पत्नी बाष्पगद्गदयाि गिरा ॥

pakṣiṇa ūcuḥ rājānaṃ vyākulaṃ dīnaṃ cintayānam adhomukham | pratyuvāca tadā patnī bāṣpa-gadgadayā girā ||

പക്ഷികൾ പറഞ്ഞു—അപ്പോൾ ആ രാജാവ് വ്യാകുലനും ഖിന്നനും ആയി മുഖം താഴ്ത്തി ചിന്തയിൽ മുങ്ങിയിരുന്നു; അവനോട് അവന്റെ ഭാര്യ മറുപടി പറഞ്ഞു, കണ്ണീരാൽ കണ്ഠം മുട്ടി വാക്കുകൾ വിറച്ച്.

pakṣiṇaḥbirds
pakṣiṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpakṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
rājānamthe king
rājānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vyākulamagitated, distressed
vyākulam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyākula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
dīnamwretched, poor
dīnam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
cintayānamthinking, brooding
cintayānam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcintayāna (कृदन्त; √cint (धातु) + शानच्/आन)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); present participle (शानच्)
adhaḥ-mukhamdowncast, face turned down
adhaḥ-mukham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootadhas (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: ‘face downward’
pratyuvācareplied
pratyuvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद); with prati-ud-
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla/Time (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), temporal adverb (कालवाचक)
patnīwife
patnī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpatnī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
bāṣpa-gadgadayāwith a tear-choked, faltering (voice)
bāṣpa-gadgadayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक) + gadgada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: ‘tearful and faltering’ qualifying ‘girā’
girāwith speech/voice
girā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootgir (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
Dharmapakṣis (wise birds) narrating; within the narration: the king’s wife speaks to the king

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaGrief and counselHouseholder life (gṛhastha)Compassion and moral exhortationFrame narrative technique

FAQs

The verse foregrounds a dharmic moment: suffering and mental agitation are not treated as private weakness but as a catalyst for counsel and right action. The wife’s tear-choked reply signals compassionate engagement—ethical guidance often arises within household relationships, where empathy becomes the doorway to restoring steadiness (dhairya) and discernment (viveka).

This verse belongs primarily to the Purāṇic frame-narrative and dharma-instructional stream rather than to sarga/pratisarga or manvantara/vaṃśa. In Pancalakṣaṇa terms it is best classified as ancillary dharma-upadeśa embedded in narrative (not a direct instance of Sarga, Pratisarga, Vaṃśa, Manvantara, or Vaṃśānucarita).

Symbolically, the downcast face (adhomukha) suggests consciousness turned inward and burdened by tamas (heaviness, despair). The wife’s ‘gadgada’ speech—voice trembling with tears—indicates the purification of emotion into truth-speaking: sorrow, when articulated with sincerity, becomes a turning-point where dharma can re-enter the mind and redirect it from paralysis to purposeful action.