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Shloka 3

Adhyaya 77Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

संज्ञा च रविणा दृष्टा निमीलयति लोचने ।

यतस्ततः सरोषोऽर्कः संज्ञां निष्ठुरमब्रवीत् ॥

saṃjñā ca raviṇā dṛṣṭā nimīlayati locane / yatas tataḥ saroṣo 'rkaḥ saṃjñāṃ niṣṭhuram abravīt

സഞ്ജ്ഞാ, രവി (സൂര്യൻ) നോക്കിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കെ കണ്ണുകൾ അടച്ചു; അതിനാൽ അർക്കൻ (സൂര്യൻ) ക്രുദ്ധനായി സഞ്ജ്ഞയോട് കടുത്ത വാക്കുകൾ പറഞ്ഞു.

संज्ञाSaṃjñā
संज्ञा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चयबोधक conjunction)
रविणाby the Sun
रविणा:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case/Instrumental), एकवचन
दृष्टाwas seen
दृष्टा:
Kriyā (क्रिया; participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग: ‘seen’
निमीलयतिcloses
निमीलयति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनी + मील् (धातु; causative/णिजन्त: मीलयति)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; णिजन्त
लोचने(her) two eyes
लोचने:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootलोचन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), द्विवचन
यतःthereupon/whereupon
यतः:
Hetu/Relation (हेतु/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (सम्बन्ध/हेतु-अर्थ adverb): ‘यतः’ = ‘wherefrom/thereupon’
ततःthen
ततः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (ततः = ‘then/from that’)
स-रोषःangry
स-रोषः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (अव्यय/उपसर्ग-सदृश) + रोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘रोषेण सहितः’ = angry
अर्कःthe Sun
अर्कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
संज्ञाम्Saṃjñā
संज्ञाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), एकवचन
निष्ठुरम्harshly
निष्ठुरम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिष्ठुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative): ‘निष्ठुरम्’ = harshly
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing narrative)
Sūrya (Ravi/Arka)Saṃjñā
Mythic narrativeGenealogy preludeCosmic personifications (Sun)Domestic tension as cosmological motif

FAQs

The episode portrays the challenge of bearing intense brilliance: relationships require appropriate measure and accommodation; harshness arises when capacity and demand are mismatched.

Vaṃśānucarita: narrative details around progenitors in the Solar line that will produce Vaivasvata Manu.

Saṃjñā shutting her eyes before the Sun can symbolize the jīva’s inability to face unmediated truth; the Sun’s ‘harsh speech’ reflects the purifying, uncompromising nature of illumination.