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Shloka 8

Adhyaya 57The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

पूर्वे किराता यस्यान्ते पश्चिमे यवनास्तथा ।

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चान्तः स्थिताः द्विज ॥

pūrve kirātā yasyānte paścime yavanās tathā | brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś cāntaḥ sthitā dvija ||

അതിന്റെ കിഴക്കേ അറ്റത്ത് കിരാതർ, പടിഞ്ഞാറേ അറ്റത്ത് അതുപോലെ യവനർ. അതിരുകളിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണർ, ക്ഷത്രിയർ, വൈശ്യർ, ശൂദ്രർ നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു, ഹേ ദ്വിജോത്തമാ.

पूर्वेin the east
पूर्वे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभूत-सप्तमी (locative used adverbially); दिशावाचक (in the east)
किराताःKirātas
किराताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिरात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
अन्तेat the border/end
अन्ते:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/स्थान)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘यस्य अन्ते’ = at whose end/border
पश्चिमेin the west
पश्चिमे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चिम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभूत-सप्तमी; दिशावाचक (in the west)
यवनाःYavanas
यवनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
शूद्राःShudras
शूद्राः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (and)
अन्तःwithin
अन्तः:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अव्यय-प्रकारः: देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (inside/within)
स्थिताःsituated; dwelling
स्थिताः:
Karta (कर्ता/अवस्था)
TypeAdjective
Root√स्था (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)
द्विजO twice-born (sage)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन
Not within Devi Māhātmya; standard Purāṇic narration (frame-speakers not explicit in these verses)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Sacred GeographyEthnographySocial Order (varṇa)

FAQs

The verse reflects a Purāṇic tendency to integrate diverse peoples into a single cosmological map, while also projecting an idealized social order (varṇa) onto geography. Ethically, it shows how tradition sought coherence between land, community, and duty—though historically such mappings can be schematic rather than descriptive.

‘Sthāna’ (world arrangement) with an ethnographic overlay; not primarily genealogy or manvantara.

Borders symbolize liminality—zones where the ‘known’ and ‘unknown’ meet. The placement of social categories at ‘edges’ can be read as an attempt to ritually stabilize the periphery of the world-map.