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Shloka 32

Adhyaya 45Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

प्रधानं कारणं यत्तदव्यक्ताख्यं महर्षयः ।

यदाहुः प्रकृतिं सूक्ष्मां नित्यां सदसदात्मिकाम् ॥

pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yat tad avyakta-ākhyaṃ maharṣayaḥ |

yad āhuḥ prakṛtiṃ sūkṣmāṃ nityāṃ sad-asad-ātmikām ||

‘പ്രധാന’മെന്നു വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന കാരണതത്ത്വം ‘അവ്യക്ത’മെന്ന പേരിലും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു; മഹർഷികൾ അതിനെ ‘പ്രകൃതി’ എന്നു വർണ്ണിക്കുന്നു—അത് സൂക്ഷ്മം, നിത്യം, സത്-അസത് സ്വഭാവമുള്ളത്.

प्रधानम्Pradhāna (the primordial principle)
प्रधानम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
कारणम्cause
कारणम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकारण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; apposition to प्रधानम्
यत्which
यत्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun
तत्that
तत्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; correlative pronoun
अव्यक्त-आख्यम्called ‘Unmanifest’
अव्यक्त-आख्यम्:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक) + आख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास: ‘अव्यक्तम् आख्या यस्य/यत्’ = ‘called Unmanifest’
महर्षयःthe great sages
महर्षयः:
कर्ता (Kartā/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
यत्which (that)
यत्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of ‘āhuḥ’ (understood: ‘that which’)
आहुःthey have said/call
आहुः:
विधेय/क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
प्रकृतिम्Prakṛti (Nature)
प्रकृतिम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; in apposition/explanation of pradhāna
सूक्ष्माम्subtle
सूक्ष्माम्:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; agrees with प्रकृतिम्
नित्याम्eternal
नित्याम्:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; agrees with प्रकृतिम्
सत्-असत्-आत्मिकाम्having the nature of being and non-being
सत्-असत्-आत्मिकाम्:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक) + असत् (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मिका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-प्राय): ‘सदसत् आत्मा/स्वभावः यस्याः’
Narrator-speaker presenting Sāṅkhya terminology as received from sages

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

PrakṛtiAvyaktaPradhānaCausalitySāṅkhya metaphysics

FAQs

The world’s diversity is traced to a subtle causal matrix (Prakṛti), encouraging the seeker to look beyond surface phenomena to underlying causes—supporting patience, non-reactivity, and deeper inquiry.

Sarga/Pratisarga: explicit statement of the primordial cause (prakṛti/avyakta) from which subsequent evolutes proceed.

‘Sad-asad-ātmikā’ implies Prakṛti straddles manifest and unmanifest: it is the threshold where potential becomes appearance, mirroring how latent impressions (saṃskāras) become thoughts and experiences.