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Shloka 16

Adhyaya 3The Dharmapakshis’ Past-Life Curse and Indra’s Test of Truthfulness

सुकृषस्य वयं पुत्राश्चत्वारः संयतात्मनः ।

तस्यर्षेर्विनयाचारभक्तिनम्राः सदैव हि ॥

sukṛṣasya vayaṃ putrāś catvāraḥ saṃyatātmanaḥ |

tasyarṣer vinayācāra-bhakti-namrāḥ sadaiva hi ||

ഞങ്ങൾ ഇന്ദ്രിയസംയമമുള്ള ഋഷിയായ സുകൃഷന്റെ നാല് പുത്രന്മാരാണ്. ഞങ്ങൾ എപ്പോഴും ഭക്തിയാൽ നമ്രരായി, ആ ഋഷി ഉപദേശിച്ച ശീല-നിയമങ്ങളിൽ സ്ഥാപിതരാണ്।

सुकृषस्यof Sukṛṣa
सुकृषस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन — ‘of Sukṛṣa’
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक, सर्वनाम)
Formप्रथमा, बहुवचन — 1st person pronoun ‘we’
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
कर्ता (Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘sons’
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
विशेषण (Numeral qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (प्रातिपदिक, संख्या)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — numeral adjective qualifying ‘पुत्राः’
संयतात्मनःself-controlled
संयतात्मनः:
विशेषण (Qualifier of ‘वयम्/पुत्राः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootसंयत + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — बहुव्रीहिः (‘संयतः आत्मा येषाम्’) = ‘self-controlled’
तस्यof him
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक, सर्वनाम)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन — ‘of him’
ऋषेःof the sage
ऋषेः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन — ‘of the sage’
विनयाचारभक्तिनम्राःhumble with discipline, good conduct, and devotion
विनयाचारभक्तिनम्राः:
विशेषण (Qualifier of ‘वयम्’)
TypeAdjective
Rootविनय + आचार + भक्ति + नम्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — समाहार/श्रृङ्खला-तत्पुरुषः: ‘विनय-आचार-भक्ति-नम्र’ = ‘humble due to discipline, conduct, and devotion’
सदाalways
सदा:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb: always)
एवindeed
एव:
अवधारण (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphasis)
हिfor/indeed
हि:
निपातार्थ (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle: for/indeed)
The four wise birds (Dharmapakṣins) speaking (to Jaimini in the frame narrative)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaVinaya (humility)Sadācāra (right conduct)Self-restraint (saṃyama)Guru/ṛṣi-led formation

FAQs

The verse foregrounds the classical dharmic triad of formation: (1) saṃyama (inner restraint), (2) vinaya (humility), and (3) sadācāra (disciplined right conduct), all stabilized by bhakti (devotional reverence). Wisdom here is presented not as mere knowledge, but as character shaped by a teacher’s (ṛṣi’s) lived discipline.

This verse aligns most closely with Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita (genealogy and the accounts of lineages), since it identifies lineage (sons of Sukṛṣa) and the transmitted ethical formation from the ṛṣi. It is not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara in content.

Symbolically, “birds” often signify a mobile, subtle intelligence; their claim of being ‘saṃyatātmā’ and ‘vinayācāra-bhakti-namra’ implies that true spiritual insight must be tethered to restraint and humility, otherwise it becomes unstable (like flight without direction). The verse encodes the idea that higher perception is legitimate only when disciplined by dharma and reverence.