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Shloka 37

Adhyaya 29Alarka’s Inquiry and Madalasa’s Teaching on Householder Dharma (Gārhasthya), Vaiśvadeva, and Atithi Hospitality

अदत्त्वा तु न भोक्तव्यं यथाविभवमात्मनः ।

पूजयित्वातिथीन्निष्टान् ज्ञातीन् बन्धूंस्तथार्थिनः ॥

adattvā tu na bhoktavyaṃ yathāvibhavam ātmanaḥ / pūjayitvātithīn niṣṭān jñātīn bandhūṃs tathārthinaḥ

സ്വശക്തിയനുസരിച്ച് ആദ്യം ദാനം നൽകാതെ ഭക്ഷണം കഴിക്കരുത്. വന്ന അതിഥികളെയും ബന്ധുക്കളെയും ബന്ധുമിത്രാദികളെയും സഹായം തേടുന്നവരെയും ആദരിച്ചു ശേഷം ഭക്ഷണം കഴിക്കണം.

अदत्त्वाwithout giving
अदत्त्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (धातु)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक-क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) ‘a-dattvā’ = ‘without giving’
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारण-अव्यय (but/indeed)
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
भोक्तव्यम्should be eaten
भोक्तव्यम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; भावे प्रयोगः ‘it is to be eaten’
यथाaccording to
यथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/रीति-अव्यय (according to/as)
विभवम्one’s means/ability
विभवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootविभव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (यथा-सम्बद्ध)
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
पूजयित्वाhaving honored
पूजयित्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√पूज् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) ‘having honored’
अतिथीन्guests
अतिथीन्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
निष्टान्proper/desired (guests)
निष्टान्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (अतिथि-विशेषण)
ज्ञातीन्kinsmen
ज्ञातीन्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञाति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
बन्धून्relatives/friends
बन्धून्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/रीति-अव्यय (likewise/also)
अर्थिनःsupplicants/seekers
अर्थिनः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (अर्थिन्-शब्दस्य प्रायः द्वितीया बहुवचन ‘अर्थिनः’ वैदिक/पुराण-प्रयोग)
Dharma-instruction voice within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaEthics of eatingHospitalityCharitySocial responsibility

FAQs

Personal consumption is morally conditioned: the householder’s right to enjoy is preceded by duties to guests, family networks, and the vulnerable.

Dharma instruction; not within the five-fold cosmological-historical markers.

‘Not eating before giving’ is a practice of ego-thinning: it trains the self to become a steward of resources rather than an owner.