Shloka 5

Adhyaya 18 — Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

Sanskrit

दत्त्वान्यद्भूबुजे दद्युर्यदि भागं ततोऽधिकम् ।

पण्यादीनामशेषाणां वणिजो गृह्णतस्ततः ॥

Transliteration

dattvānyad bhūbhuje dadyur yadi bhāgaṃ tato 'dhikam /

paṇyādīnām aśeṣāṇāṃ vaṇijo gṛhṇatas tataḥ

Translation

അടച്ചിട്ടും ജനങ്ങളെ ഭൂമിഭോക്താവായ രാജാവിന് യുക്തമായതിലധികം പങ്ക് നൽകാൻ നിർബന്ധിച്ചാൽ, അപ്പോൾ വ്യാപാരികൾ എല്ലാ ചരക്കുകളും മുതലായവ പിൻവലിക്കുകയോ കൊണ്ടുവരുന്നത് നിർത്തുകയോ ചെയ്യും.

Word by Word

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त)

• अन्यत्: something else/another (amount)
• अन्यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• भू-भुजे: to the king (earth-enjoyer)
• भू-भुजे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूभुज् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular

• दद्युः: they should give
• दद्युः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/शर्त)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable conditional particle (निपात)

• भागम्: share/portion
• भागम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ततः: than that/from that
• ततः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• अधिकम्: more/excess
• अधिकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; comparative sense with ततः

• पण्य-आदीनाम्: of goods and the like
• पण्य-आदीनाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; पण्यादि-समूह (goods etc.)

• अशेषाणाम्: of all/entire
• अशेषाणाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; qualifying पण्यादीनाम्

• वणिजः: of the merchant
• वणिजः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वणिज् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• गृह्णतः: who takes/collects
• गृह्णतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमान-कृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; agreeing with वणिजः

• ततः: thereupon/thereafter
• ततः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

Speakers

• Arjuna’s policy argument (reported)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Over-taxation
• Economic collapse
• Justice in revenue
• Rājadharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Excess extraction destroys prosperity: when rulers demand beyond fairness, trade and production contract—an early articulation of economic feedback and the ethics of moderation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/nīti material within a kingly narrative (vaṃśānucarita).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Merchants withdrawing goods’ symbolizes Lakṣmī (prosperity) departing from an unjust realm—prosperity is portrayed as responsive to dharma.