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Shloka 22

एष सर्वान्‌ महीपालान्‌ करदान्‌ समकारयत्‌ | वैश्यानिव महाभागो विवशान्‌ स्ववशानपि,इन महाभाग नरेशने इस देशके सब राजाओंको वैश्योंकी भाँति स्ववश (अपने अधीन) और विवश करके कर देनेवाला बना दिया था। (अर्थात्‌ सब राजा इन्हें कर दिया करते थे।) अत्यन्त उत्तम व्रतका पालन करनेवाले इन महाराजके यहाँ प्रतिदिन अट्टासी हजार महाबुद्धिमान्‌ स्नातकोंकी जीविका चलती थी

arjuna uvāca | eṣa sarvān mahīpālān karadān samakārayat | vaiśyān iva mahābhāgo vivaśān svavaśān api |

ഈ മഹാഭാഗ രാജാവ് ഭൂമിയിലെ എല്ലാ രാജാക്കളെയും കരദന്മാരാക്കി; വൈശ്യരെപ്പോലെ, അവർ സ്വമേധയാ ആയാലും നിർബന്ധിതരായാലും, എല്ലാവരെയും തന്റെ അധീനത്തിലാക്കി കപ്പം അടയ്ക്കിച്ചു.

एषःthis (man/king)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महीपालान्kings, rulers of the earth
महीपालान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
करदान्tribute-paying, tax-paying
करदान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकरद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समकारयत्made (them) do; caused (them) to become
समकारयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + कृ (कारयति)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, true
वैश्यान्Vaiśyas (commoners/merchant class)
वैश्यान्:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
महाभागःthe greatly fortunate/noble one
महाभागः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विवशान्helpless, compelled
विवशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविवश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
स्ववशान्under his own control; subject to him
स्ववशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्ववश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
M
mahābhāga (an illustrious king, unnamed in this verse)
M
mahīpāla (kings/rulers as a class)
V
vaiśya (social class as a comparison)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a model of imperial kingship: a powerful ruler establishes political order by bringing other kings under suzerainty and regularizing tribute, framing subordination in terms of social hierarchy (kings made to function like tax-paying subjects).

Arjuna is describing the extent of an illustrious king’s dominance: he made all other rulers—whether compliant or resistant—submit and pay tribute, emphasizing the king’s authority and the breadth of his control.