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Shloka 23

कालविभाग-निरूपणं तथा युद्धव्यवस्था

Time-Reckoning and Mobilization Counsel

हरषितं ह्युपशृण्वाने द्रोणे सर्व विघट्टितम्‌ । अदेशिका महारणप्ये ग्रीष्मे शत्रुवशं गता: । यथा न विश्रमेत्‌ सेना तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम्‌,/[आगे रहनेपर] ये अर्जुनके घोड़ोंकी हिनहिनाहट सुनते ही घबरा उठेंगे। फिर तो सारी सेना ही विचलित हो जायगी। इस समय हम विदेशमें हैं, बड़े भारी जंगलमें पड़े हुए हैं, गरमीकी ऋतु है और हम शत्रुके वशमें आ गये हैं; अतः ऐसी नीतिसे काम लें कि इनकी बातें सुनकर सैनिकोंके मनमें भ्रम न फैले

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: harṣitaṃ hy upaśṛṇvāne droṇe sarva-vighaṭṭitam | adeśikā mahāraṇye grīṣme śatru-vaśaṃ gatāḥ | yathā na viśramet senā tathā nītir vidhīyatām ||

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദ്രോണൻ ഉത്സാഹത്തോടെ ഇതു കേട്ടാൽ എല്ലാം കലങ്ങിപ്പോകും. നാം മാർഗ്ഗദർശനമില്ലാതെ, ഗ്രീഷ്മതാപത്തിൽ, മഹാവനത്തിൽ കുടുങ്ങി, ശത്രുവശത്തിലായിരിക്കുന്നു. അതിനാൽ സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ ധൈര്യം ചോരാതിരിക്കുവാൻ നയം വിധിക്കണം—അർജുനന്റെ കുതിരകളുടെ ഹ്രേഷണശബ്ദം കേട്ടമാത്രത്തിൽ സൈനികർ ഭയപ്പെടാതെയും, മുഴുവൻ വാഹിനി വിറയ്ക്കാതെയും ഇരിക്കേണ്ടതിന്ന്।

हर्षितम्rejoiced, delighted
हर्षितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहर्षित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
उपशृण्वानेwhile (two) are listening/overhearing
उपशृण्वाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootउप-श्रु
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Dual
द्रोणेin/at Droṇa (Drona)
द्रोणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्वम्all, entirely
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विघट्टितम्shaken, disturbed, thrown into confusion
विघट्टितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-घट्टित
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
अदेशिकाःwithout guides; unfamiliar (with the place)
अदेशिकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-देशिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महारण्येin the great forest
महारण्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-अरण्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
ग्रीष्मेin summer
ग्रीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootग्रीष्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शत्रुवशम्into the enemy's power/control
शत्रुवशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु-वश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhaving gone; having fallen into
गताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast active participle (क्तवतु/क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाso that; in such a way that
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विश्रमेत्should rest/relax
विश्रमेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-श्रम्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Present (modal), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सेनाthe army
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus; in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नीतिःpolicy; strategy
नीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विधीयताम्let it be arranged/ordained
विधीयताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
FormLot (imperative), Present (imperative), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Droṇa (Dronācārya)
A
Arjuna
A
Arjuna’s horses
T
the army (senā)
G
great forest (mahāraṇya)
E
enemy (śatru)

Educational Q&A

In a vulnerable situation, wise leadership focuses on nīti—practical strategy that preserves morale and prevents panic. Managing information and anticipating psychological reactions in the ranks is presented as an ethical duty of commanders, because disorder can endanger everyone.

The speaker describes a tense wartime moment: the forces are in a difficult position—lost in a vast forest during summer and effectively at the enemy’s mercy. There is fear that even signs associated with Arjuna (such as the neighing of his horses) could trigger panic, so a careful plan is urged to keep the army steady.