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Shloka 16

कालविभाग-निरूपणं तथा युद्धव्यवस्था

Time-Reckoning and Mobilization Counsel

अथ कस्मात्‌ स्थिता होते रथेषु रथसत्तमा: । भीष्मो द्रोण: कृपश्चैव विकर्णो द्रौणिरेव च

atha kasmāt sthitā hote ratheṣu rathasattamāḥ | bhīṣmo droṇaḥ kṛpaś caiva vikarṇo drauṇir eva ca ||

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അപ്പോൾ എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് ആ ശ്രേഷ്ഠരഥികൾ തങ്ങളുടെ രഥങ്ങളിൽ തന്നെയായി നിലകൊണ്ടത്—ഭീഷ്മൻ, ദ്രോണൻ, കൃപൻ, കൂടാതെ വികർണനും ദ്രൗണിയും (അശ്വത്ഥാമനും)?

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
कस्मात्from what cause?/why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
स्थिताःstanding/remaining
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
होतेyou are
होते:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent indicative, 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada
रथेषुin/on chariots
रथेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रथसत्तमाःbest of chariot-warriors
रथसत्तमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपःKripa
कृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विकर्णःVikarna
विकर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रौणिःDrauni (Ashvatthaman)
द्रौणिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
K
Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
V
Vikarṇa
D
Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman)
R
ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the gravity of kṣatriya-duty and command responsibility: eminent warriors remain poised on their chariots, suggesting disciplined readiness and the ethical weight of decisions taken at the threshold of violence.

The narrator (Vaiśampāyana) draws attention to a moment of suspense: leading Kuru champions—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, Vikarṇa, and Aśvatthāman—are still positioned on their chariots, and the question is raised as to the reason for their continued stance, setting up the explanation of the immediate tactical or situational cause.