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Shloka 3

स्त्रीणां माहात्म्यप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into the Excellence of Women

Pativratā-Dharma

ब्राह्मण उवाच विद्वेषणं परमं जीवलोके कुर्यान्नरः पार्थिव याच्यमान: । त॑ त्वां पृष्छामि कथं तु राजन्‌ दद्याद्‌ भवान्‌ दयितं च मेडद्य,ब्राह्मण बोला--भूपाल! इस संसारमें प्रायः देखा जाता है कि जब किसी मनुष्यसे कोई वस्तु माँगी जाती है, तब वह उस माँगनेवालेसे अत्यन्त द्वेष करने लगता है। अतः राजन! मैं आपसे पूछता हूँ कि आज आप मुझे मेरी प्रिय वस्तु कैसे दे सकते हैं?

brāhmaṇa uvāca | vidveṣaṇaṁ paramaṁ jīvaloke kuryān naraḥ pārthiva yācyamānaḥ | tat tvāṁ pṛcchāmi kathaṁ tu rājan dadyād bhavān dayitaṁ ca me dadyāt ||

ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പറഞ്ഞു—“ഹേ ഭൂപാലാ! ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ സാധാരണയായി കാണുന്നതെന്തെന്നാൽ, ഒരാളോട് എന്തെങ്കിലും ചോദിച്ചാൽ, അവൻ ചോദിക്കുന്നവനോടു പരമ വൈരാഗ്യം വളർത്തുന്നു. അതുകൊണ്ട്, ഹേ രാജൻ, ഞാൻ ചോദിക്കുന്നു—ഇന്ന് നിങ്ങൾ എനിക്ക് എനിക്ക് പ്രിയമായതു എങ്ങനെ നൽകും?”

ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
विद्वेषणम्hatred, enmity
विद्वेषणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वेषण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परमम्greatest, extreme
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जीवलोकेin the world of living beings
जीवलोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजीवलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कुर्यात्would do / may do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
याच्यमानःbeing begged (of), when asked
याच्यमानः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयाच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present passive participle)
तत्therefore / that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
पृच्छामिI ask
पृच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दद्यात्would give / could give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular
भवान्your honor (you)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दयितम्dear, beloved (thing)
दयितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदयित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past participle used adjectivally)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेmy / to me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
दद्याःyou should give
दद्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative, 2nd, Singular

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (Brāhmaṇa)
राजन् / पार्थिव (the King addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a moral tension in dāna-dharma: being asked for something often triggers resentment, yet true virtue—especially in a king—lies in giving without hostility, even when the request touches what is personally dear.

A Brahmin addresses a king and frames his request as a test: since people commonly hate the petitioner when asked to give, the Brahmin asks how the king will still be able to grant him what he dearly wants, implying the request may be difficult or emotionally costly.