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Shloka 1

मधुकैटभवधोपाख्यानम्

The Account of the Slaying of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

अपना स२ (0 अवज असल त्रिनवर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: इन्द्र और बक मुनिका संवाद वैशम्पायन उवाच मार्कण्डेयमृषयो ब्राह्मणा युधिष्ठिरश्न॒ पर्यपृच्छ-न्नृषि: केन दीर्घायुरासीद्‌ बको मार्कण्डेयस्तु तान्‌ सर्वानुवाच,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं-जनमेजय! एक दिन ऋषियों, ब्राह्मणों तथा युधिष्छिरने मार्कण्डेय मुनिसे पूछा--“ब्रह्मन! महर्षि बक कैसे दीर्घायु हुए थे?” तब मार्कण्डेयजीने उन सबसे कहा--

vaiśampāyana uvāca | mārkaṇḍeyam ṛṣayo brāhmaṇā yudhiṣṭhiraś ca paryapṛcchan—“ṛṣe! kena dīrghāyur āsīd bako?” mārkaṇḍeyas tu tān sarvān uvāca |

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ജനമേജയാ! ഒരിക്കൽ ഋഷിമാരും ബ്രാഹ്മണന്മാരും യുധിഷ്ഠിരനും മാർകണ്ഡേയ മുനിയെ ചോദിച്ചു—“ഋഷേ! ബക മഹർഷി എങ്ങനെ ദീർഘായുസ്സു നേടി?” അപ്പോൾ മാർകണ്ഡേയൻ അവരെയെല്ലാം അഭിസംബോധന ചെയ്ത് പറഞ്ഞു—

वैशम्पायनःVaiśampāyana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
मार्कण्डेयम्Mārkaṇḍeya
मार्कण्डेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्कण्डेय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःbrāhmaṇas
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पर्यपृच्छन्asked (repeatedly/around)
पर्यपृच्छन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormImperfect, 3, Plural
ऋषिम्the sage
ऋषिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
केनby what? / how?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दीर्घायुःlong-lived
दीर्घायुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीर्घायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular
बकःBaka (sage)
बकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मार्कण्डेयःMārkaṇḍeya
मार्कण्डेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्कण्डेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
M
Mārkaṇḍeya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ṛṣis (sages)
B
Brāhmaṇas
B
Baka

Educational Q&A

The verse frames longevity as a subject worthy of dharmic inquiry: sages and Yudhiṣṭhira seek the moral/spiritual cause behind Baka’s long life, implying that lifespan is connected to conduct, austerity, and merit rather than mere chance.

Vaiśampāyana reports that a group of sages and brāhmaṇas, along with Yudhiṣṭhira, question Mārkaṇḍeya about how Baka became long-lived; Mārkaṇḍeya then begins his response, setting up the ensuing account.