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Shloka 17

Pradyumna–Śālva Missile-Exchange at Saubha (Āraṇyaka Parva, Adhyāya 18)

अपयातं हत॑ पृषछ्े भ्रान्तं रणपलायितम्‌ | गदाग्रजो दुराधर्ष: कि मां वक्ष्यति माधव:,'युद्धसे लौटने या भ्रान्तचित्त होकर भागनेपर जब मेरी पीठमें शत्रुके बाणोंका आघात लगा हो, उस समय किसीसे परास्त न होनेवाले मेरे पिता गदाग्रज भगवान्‌ माधव मुझसे क्या कहेंगे?

apayātaṁ hata-pṛṣṭhe bhrāntaṁ raṇa-palāyitam | gadāgrajo durādharṣaḥ ki māṁ vakṣyati mādhavaḥ ||

ഞാൻ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ നിന്ന് തിരിഞ്ഞ്, മനസ്സു ഭ്രമിച്ച് രണത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ഓടിപ്പോകുമ്പോൾ, ശത്രുവിന്റെ അമ്പുകൾ എന്റെ പുറത്ത് പതിച്ചാൽ—അദമ്യനായ, ഗദാഗ്രജനായ എന്റെ പിതാവ് മാധവൻ അപ്പോൾ എന്നോടു എന്തു പറയും?

अपयातम्one who has retreated/withdrawn
अपयातम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-या (धातु √या)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हतम्slain/struck down
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Root√हन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पृष्ठेon the back
पृष्ठे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भ्रान्तम्confused, bewildered
भ्रान्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Root√भ्रम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणपलायितम्one who has fled from battle
रणपलायितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरण-पलायित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गदाग्रजःGadāgraja (elder brother of Gada; epithet of Kṛṣṇa)
गदाग्रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगदाग्रज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुराधर्षःhard to assail, unconquerable
दुराधर्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुराधर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माम्to me
माम्:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
वक्ष्यतिwill say
वक्ष्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular
माधवःMādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
माधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
M
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa/Vāsudeva)
G
Gadā (as referenced via gadāgraja)
E
enemy (implicit)
A
arrows (bāṇa, implied by ‘struck in the back’)
B
battle (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

Retreating from a righteous battle out of confusion is portrayed as dishonorable; being wounded in the back symbolizes abandonment of duty. The verse uses the imagined reproach of Mādhava as an ethical mirror, urging steadfastness, courage, and accountability to one’s highest standard.

Vāyu speaks in a self-questioning, admonitory tone: he imagines the shame of fleeing and being struck from behind, then asks what Mādhava—described as invincible and as Gadā’s elder brother—would say to him in that moment. The speech functions as a moral check against cowardice.