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Shloka 7

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

सनत्सुजात उवाच तस्यैव नामादिविशेषरूपै- रिदं जगद्‌ भाति महानुभाव | निर्दिश्य सम्यक्‌ प्रवदन्ति वेदा- स्तद्‌ विश्ववैरूप्यमुदाहरन्ति,सनत्सुजातने कहा--महानुभाव! परब्रह्म परमात्माके ही नाम आदि विशेष रूपोंसे इस जगत्‌की प्रतीति होती है। यह बात वेद अच्छी तरह निर्देश करके कहते हैं, किंतु वास्तवमें उसका स्वरूप इस विश्वसे विलक्षण बताया जाता है

sanatsujāta uvāca | tasyaiva nāmādiviśeṣarūpair idaṃ jagad bhāti mahānubhāva | nirdiśya samyak pravadanti vedās tad viśvavairūpyam udāharanti ||

സനത്സുജാതൻ പറഞ്ഞു—മഹാനുഭാവാ! ആ പരബ്രഹ്മ പരമാത്മാവിന്റെ നാമാദി വിശേഷരൂപങ്ങളാലാണ് ഈ ജഗത്ത് പ്രത്യക്ഷമാകുന്നത്. വേദങ്ങൾ ഇത് വ്യക്തമായി നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചു പറയുന്നു; എന്നാൽ സത്യത്തിൽ അവന്റെ തത്ത്വസ്വരൂപം ഈ ബഹുരൂപ വിശ്വത്തിൽ നിന്ന് സർവ്വഥാ വ്യത്യസ്തവും അതീതവുമാണെന്ന് പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു.

सनत्सुजातःSanatsujata
सनत्सुजातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्सुजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नामfrom the name
नाम:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
आदिand so on/ etc.
आदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
विशेषby (its) distinctions/specifics
विशेष:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रूपैःby forms
रूपैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जगत्world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भातिappears/shines
भाति:
TypeVerb
Rootभा
FormPresent, 3, Singular
महानुभावO great-souled one
महानुभाव:
TypeNoun
Rootमहानुभाव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निर्दिश्यhaving indicated/pointed out
निर्दिश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्दिश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
सम्यक्properly/correctly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
प्रवदन्तिthey declare/say
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+वद्
FormPresent, 3, Plural
वेदाःthe Vedas
वेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्that (reality)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विश्वfrom the universe/than the universe
विश्व:
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वैरूप्यम्dissimilarity/otherness of form
वैरूप्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैरूप्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उदाहरन्तिthey cite/declare
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्+आ+हृ
FormPresent, 3, Plural

सनत्सुजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
V
Vedas
P
Parabrahman/Paramātman (implied by 'tasya')
J
Jagat (the world/universe)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the world is experienced through differentiations like names and forms that are superimposed upon the Supreme Reality, while the Vedas ultimately affirm that the Supreme’s true nature transcends and is unlike the changing universe.

In the Sanatsujātīya section of Udyoga Parva, the sage Sanatsujāta instructs the listener on ultimate reality: he explains how the manifest world appears through conceptual distinctions, yet the Vedic conclusion points beyond those distinctions to Brahman’s transcendent nature.