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Shloka 6

Sanatsujāta-Āhvāna (Summoning Sanatsujāta) — Vidura’s Invocation and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Doubt

यम॑ त्वेके मृत्युमतो<न्यमाहु- रात्मावसन्नममृतं ब्रह्मचर्यम्‌ । पितृलोके राज्यमनुशास्ति देव: शिव: शिवानामशिवो5शिवानाम्‌,कुछ लोग इस प्रमादसे भिन्न “यम” को मृत्यु कहते हैं और हृदयसे दृढ़तापूर्वक पालन किये हुए ब्रह्मचर्यको ही अमृत मानते हैं। यमदेव पितृलोकमें राज्य-शासन करते हैं। वे पुण्यात्माओंके लिये मंगलमय और पापियोंके लिये अमंगलमय हैं

yamaṁ tv eke mṛtyum ato 'nyam āhur ātmāvasannam amṛtaṁ brahmacaryam | pitṛloke rājyam anuśāsti devaḥ śivaḥ śivānām aśivo 'śivānām ||

ചിലർ പ്രമാദത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്തനായ ‘യമൻ’ തന്നെയാണ് മരണമെന്ന് പറയുന്നു; മറ്റുചിലർ ഹൃദയത്തിൽ ദൃഢമായി നിലനിറുത്തി പാലിക്കുന്ന ബ്രഹ്മചര്യമാണ് അമൃതമെന്ന് പറയുന്നു. യമദേവൻ പിതൃലോകത്തിൽ രാജ്യം ഭരിക്കുന്നു—പുണ്യവാന്മാർക്ക് ശിവം (മംഗളം), പാപികൾക്ക് അശിവം (അമംഗളം) ആകുന്നു।

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वाyou
त्वा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Form—, Accusative, Singular
एकेsome (people)
एके:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतःtherefore / from this
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (avyaya)
अन्यम्another / different
अन्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say / call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
आत्माthe self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवसन्नम्depressed / sunk / fallen
अवसन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअवसद् (धातु) → अवसन्न (kta/ppp)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमृतम्immortality / nectar
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (prātipadika)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मचर्यम्celibacy / brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य (prātipadika)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पितृलोकेin the world of the ancestors
पितृलोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृलोक (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom / rule
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (prātipadika)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुशास्तिrules / governs / administers
अनुशास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-शास् (धातु)
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवःthe god
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिवःauspicious
शिवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिवानाम्of the auspicious / of the good
शिवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशिव (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अशिवःinauspicious
अशिवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअशिव (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अशिवानाम्of the inauspicious / of the wicked
अशिवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअशिव (prātipadika)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
Y
Yama
P
Pitṛloka (realm of the ancestors)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two understandings: Yama as ‘Death’ versus brahmacarya (deep, inwardly grounded self-restraint) as ‘immortality.’ It frames ethical discipline as a path to deathlessness in a spiritual sense, while also affirming Yama’s role as moral governor who is auspicious to the righteous and adverse to the unrighteous.

In the Sanatsujātīya section of the Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs Dhṛtarāṣṭra on profound ethical and spiritual matters. Here he clarifies popular views about Yama and emphasizes brahmacarya as a transformative discipline, while describing Yama’s governance of Pitṛloka and his differing relation to the virtuous and the sinful.