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Shloka 49

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

तृणोल्कया ज्ञायते जातरूप॑ं वृत्तेन भद्रो व्यवहारेण साधु: । शूरो भयेष्वर्थकृच्छेषु धीर: कृच्छेष्वापत्सु सुहृदश्चारयश्च,जलती हुई आगसे सुवर्णकी पहचान होती है, सदाचारसे सत्पुरुषकी, व्यवहारसे श्रेष्ठ पुरुषकी, भय प्राप्त होनेपर शूरकी, आर्थिक कठिनाईमें धीरकी और कठिन आपपत्तिमें शत्रु एवं मित्रकी परीक्षा होती है

tṛṇolkayā jñāyate jātarūpaṁ vṛttena bhadro vyavahāreṇa sādhuḥ | śūro bhayeṣv arthakṛcchreṣu dhīraḥ kṛcchreṣv āpatsu suhṛdaś ca arayaś ca ||

വിദുരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അഗ്നിയിൽ പരീക്ഷിക്കുമ്പോഴാണ് സ്വർണ്ണത്തിന്റെ യഥാർത്ഥ മൂല്യം അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്; ആചാരത്തിൽ സജ്ജനനും, ഇടപാടുകളിൽ മഹാനുമാണ് തെളിയുന്നത്. ഭയം വന്നാൽ വീരൻ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു, ധനക്കഷ്ടത്തിൽ ധീരൻ; കഠിനമായ ദുരിതത്തിൽ ആരാണ് സത്യസുഹൃത്ത്, ആരാണ് ശത്രു എന്നും വെളിവാകുന്നു.

तृणोल्कयाby a straw-torch
तृणोल्कया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृणोल्का
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
ज्ञायतेis known / is recognized
ज्ञायते:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
जातरूपम्gold
जातरूपम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजातरूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भद्रःa good man / gentleman
भद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवहारेणby dealings / behavior
व्यवहारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
साधुःa virtuous man
साधुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूरःa hero / brave man
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयेषुin fears / in dangers
भयेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
अर्थकृच्छेषुin financial hardships
अर्थकृच्छेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थकृच्छ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
धीरःthe steadfast / wise man
धीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृच्छेषुin hardships
कृच्छेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
आपत्सुin calamities
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
सुहृदःfriends
सुहृदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अरयःenemies
अरयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
G
gold (jātarūpa)
F
fire/torch (tṛṇolkā)

Educational Q&A

Virtue and reliability are not proved by words but by tests: conduct shows goodness, dealings show nobility, danger shows courage, poverty shows steadiness, and calamity reveals true friends and enemies.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura is giving moral and political counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations; here he uses vivid comparisons to warn that people’s real nature becomes clear only when circumstances become difficult.