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Shloka 27

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

युधन्वोवाच उदकं मधुपर्क च पथिष्वेवार्पितं मम । प्रह्मद त्वं तु मे तथ्यं प्रश्न॑ प्रत्रूहि पृष्छत: । कि ब्राह्मणा: स्विच्छेयांस उताहो स्विद्‌ विरोचन:,सुधन्वा बोला--प्रह्नाद! जल और मधुपर्क तो मुझे मार्गमें ही मिल गया है। तुम तो जो मैं पूछ रहा हूँ, उस प्रश्नचका ठीक-ठीक उत्तर दो-ब्राह्मण श्रेष्ठ हैं अथवा विरोचन?

Sudhanvā uvāca—udakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca pathiṣv evārpitaṁ mama | Prahrāda tvaṁ tu me tathyaṁ praśnaṁ prabrūhi pṛcchataḥ | kiṁ brāhmaṇāḥ svic chreyāṁsa utāho svid Virocanaḥ ||

സുധന്വൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ജലവും മധുപർക്കവും എനിക്ക് വഴിയിലേ തന്നെ ലഭിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ പ്രഹ്ലാദാ! ഞാൻ ചോദിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് യഥാർത്ഥമായി ഉത്തരം പറയുക—ബ്രാഹ്മണന്മാരോ ശ്രേഷ്ഠർ, അതോ വിരോചനനോ?

सुधन्वाSudhanvan (name)
सुधन्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुधन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
उदकम्water
उदकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मधुपर्कम्madhuparka (honey-mixture offered to a guest)
मधुपर्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधुपर्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पथिषुon the roads / on the way
पथिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथि
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अर्पितम्offered / presented
अर्पितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्पित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
ममto me / of me
मम:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
प्रह्लादO Prahlāda
प्रह्लाद:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रह्लाद
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
तुbut / however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मेto me / my
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
तथ्यम्truth / true (answer)
तथ्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतथ्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रश्नम्question
प्रश्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रब्रूहिtell / answer
प्रब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृच्छतःof (me) who is asking
पृच्छतः:
TypeNoun
Rootपृच्छत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
किम्which? / what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
श्रेयांसःbetter / superior
श्रेयांसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Comparative
उतor (also: and then)
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
अहोindeed / pray (emphatic particle)
अहो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
विरोचनःVirocana (name)
विरोचनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविरोचन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

प्रह्माद उवाच

S
Sudhanvā
P
Prahrāda
V
Virocana
B
brāhmaṇāḥ
U
udaka
M
madhuparka

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds satya (truth) and dharmic discernment: ritual hospitality is acknowledged, but the decisive issue is a truthful judgment about who deserves higher honor—measured not by power or lineage alone, but by dharmic standards.

Sudhanvā addresses Prahrāda, noting that the customary guest-offerings (water and madhuparka) have already been given, and presses him to answer a pointed question: whether Brahmins are superior or Virocana is.