Shloka 55

यो जित: पञठ्चवर्गेण सहजेनात्मकर्षिणा । आपदस्तस्य वर्धन्ते शुक्लपक्ष इवोडुराट्‌,जो मनुष्य जीवोंको वशमें करनेवाली सहज पाँच इन्द्रियोंसे जीत लिया गया, उसकी आपत्तियाँ शुक्लपक्षके चन्द्रमाकी भाँति बढ़ती हैं

yo jitaḥ pañcavargeṇa sahajenātmakarṣiṇā | āpadastasya vardhante śuklapakṣa ivodurāṭ ||

ആത്മാവിനെ പുറത്തേക്ക് വലിച്ചിഴയ്ക്കുന്ന സ്വാഭാവികമായ അഞ്ചിന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളുടെ കൂട്ടത്താൽ ജയിക്കപ്പെടുന്നവന്റെ ആപത്തുകൾ ശുക്ലപക്ഷത്തിലെ ചന്ദ്രനെപ്പോലെ ക്രമേണ വർധിക്കുന്നു।

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जितःis conquered/overcome
जितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, passive (having been conquered)
पञ्चवर्गेणby the group of five (senses)
पञ्चवर्गेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चवर्ग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहजेनinnate/inborn
सहजेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसहज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आत्मकर्षिणाself-dragging; drawing (one) to oneself (i.e., alluring)
आत्मकर्षिणा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मकर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular, णिनि/इन् (agentive adjective)
आपदःcalamities/misfortunes
आपदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तस्यof him/of that person
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वर्धन्तेincrease/grow
वर्धन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, Third, Plural
शुक्लपक्षेin the bright fortnight
शुक्लपक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशुक्लपक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उडुराट्the moon (king of stars)
उडुराट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउडुराज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
T
the five senses (pañcavarga)
T
the moon (uḍurāṭ)
B
bright fortnight (śuklapakṣa)

Educational Q&A

If a person is ruled by the five senses, troubles multiply; therefore, dharma requires mastery over sense-impulses rather than being mastered by them.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he warns about the moral and practical consequences of uncontrolled senses, using the image of the waxing moon to show how misfortune steadily grows.