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Shloka 5

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 165 — Bhīṣma’s Appraisal and Karṇa’s Rebuttal (भीष्म–कर्ण विवादः)

माहिष्मतीपुरीके निवासी राजा नील भी तुम्हारे दलके एक रथी हैं। इन्होंने नीले रंगका कवच पहन रखा है। ये अपने रथसमूहद्वारा शत्रुओंका संहार कर डालेंगे ।। कृतवैर: पुरा चैव सहदेवेन मारिष | योत्स्यते सततं राजंस्तवार्थे कुरुनन्दन,कुरुनन्दन! पूर्वकालमें सहदेवके साथ इनकी शत्रुता हो गयी थी। राजन! ये सदा तुम्हारे शत्रुओंके साथ युद्ध करेंगे

bhīṣma uvāca |

māhiṣmatīpurīke nivāsī rājā nīlo 'pi tumhāre dalasya ekaḥ rathī | eṣa nīla-varṇasya kavacasya dhārī | eṣa sva-ratha-samūhena śatrūn saṁharṣayiṣyati ||

kṛta-vairaḥ purā caiva sahadevena māriṣa | yotsyate satataṁ rājan tavārthe kuru-nandana ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—മാഹിഷ്മതീപുരിയിലെ നിവാസിയായ രാജാവ് നീലനും നിന്റെ പാളയത്തിലെ ഒരു രഥയോദ്ധാവാണ്. അവൻ നീലനിറത്തിലുള്ള കവചം ധരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു; തന്റെ രഥസമൂഹങ്ങളാൽ ശത്രുക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കും. ഹേ കുരുനന്ദന, പൂർവകാലത്ത് സഹദേവനുമായി അവന് വൈരം ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നതുകൊണ്ട്, രാജാവേ, നിന്റെ കാരണത്താൽ നിന്റെ ശത്രുക്കളോടു അവൻ നിരന്തരം യുദ്ധം ചെയ്യും.

माहिष्मतीपुरीकेof (the city) Mahishmati-puri
माहिष्मतीपुरीके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमाहिष्मतीपुरी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
निवासीdwelling/resident
निवासी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नीलःNila (proper name)
नीलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तवof you/your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
दलेin the army/host
दले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथीchariot-warrior
रथी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनेनby him/with this
अनेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नीलवर्णम्blue-colored
नीलवर्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनीलवर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कवचम्armor
कवचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकवच
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धृतम्worn/borne
धृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एतेthese (men)/they
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वरथसमूहेनby (their) own chariot-squadron
स्वरथसमूहेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरथसमूह
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संहरिष्यन्तिwill destroy
संहरिष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हृ
FormSimple Future (लृट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कृतवैरःhaving enmity/one who has made enmity
कृतवैरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतवैर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुराformerly
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सहदेवेनwith Sahadeva
सहदेवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मारिषO venerable one/sir
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
योत्स्यतेwill fight
योत्स्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormSimple Future (लृट्), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तवfor you/your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अर्थेfor the sake (of)
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कुरुनन्दनO joy of the Kurus
कुरुनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
Nīla (king of Māhiṣmatī)
M
Māhiṣmatī
S
Sahadeva
K
Kuru (dynasty/people)
K
kavaca (blue armor)
R
ratha-samūha (chariot companies)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how prior enmities and personal histories shape wartime loyalties: a feud with Sahadeva becomes a motive for Nila’s steadfast commitment to fight for the Kuru side. It reflects the Mahabharata’s ethical realism—dharma in war is often entangled with memory, rivalry, and political alignment.

Bhishma is enumerating and characterizing warriors in the Kuru host. He introduces King Nila of Māhiṣmatī as a notable chariot-fighter, marked by blue armor, and explains that because Nila once became hostile to Sahadeva, he will fight persistently for the Kuru king’s cause against the enemy.