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Shloka 24

Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)

कच्चित्‌ कृषिकरा राष्ट्र न जहत्यतिपीडिता: । ये वहन्ति धुरं राज्ञां ते भरन्तीतरानपि,किसानलोग अधिक लगान लिये जानेके कारण अत्यन्त कष्ट पाकर तुम्हारा राज्य छोड़कर तो नहीं जा रहे हैं। क्योंकि किसान ही राजाओंका भार ढोते हैं और वे ही दूसरे लोगोंका भी भरण-पोषण करते हैं

kaccit kṛṣikarā rāṣṭra na jahaty atipīḍitāḥ | ye vahanti dhuraṃ rājñāṃ te bharantītarān api ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— നിന്റെ രാജ്യത്തിലെ കർഷകർ അത്യധിക പീഡനത്തിൽ വേദനിച്ച് ദേശം വിട്ടുപോകുന്നില്ലല്ലോ? കാരണം രാജാക്കന്മാരുടെ ഭാരമേറ്റെടുക്കുന്നതും മറ്റുള്ളവരെ പോഷിപ്പിക്കുന്നതും അവരാണ്.

कच्चित्whether? (I hope)
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
Forminterrogative particle
कृषिकराःfarmers, cultivators
कृषिकराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृषिकर
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
राष्ट्रम्kingdom, realm
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formneuter, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation particle
जहतिleaves, abandons
जहति:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
Formpresent, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
अतिपीडिताःseverely oppressed/afflicted
अतिपीडिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिपीडित
Formmasculine, nominative, plural (past passive participle)
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
वहन्तिcarry, bear
वहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
Formpresent, parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
धुरम्burden, yoke-load
धुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधुर्/धुरा
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
भरन्तिsupport, maintain
भरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ
Formpresent, parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
इतरान्others
इतरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
Formparticle

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṛṣikarāḥ (cultivators/farmers)
R
rājānaḥ (kings/rulers)
R
rāṣṭra (the realm/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s prosperity rests on the well-being of cultivators; excessive pressure (especially through harsh levies) drives them away and undermines the entire social order. Ethical governance protects those who produce food and revenue, recognizing them as the foundation that sustains both the state and society.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma questions the ruler about the condition of the realm, specifically whether farmers are being overburdened and leaving. He emphasizes that cultivators carry the king’s fiscal burden and feed everyone else, making their protection a key duty of governance.