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Shloka 37

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

धृष्ट शूरं प्रहर्तारिमनृशंसं जितेन्द्रियम्‌ । वत्सलं संविभक्तारमुपजीवन्ति तं नरा:,जो राजा निर्भय, शूरवीर, प्रहार करनेमें कुशल, दयालु, जितेन्द्रिय, प्रजावत्सल और दानी होता है, उसीका आश्रय लेकर मनुष्य जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं

dhṛṣṭaśūraṁ prahartāram anṛśaṁsaṁ jitendriyam | vatsalaṁ saṁvibhaktāram upajīvanti taṁ narāḥ ||

ഭയമില്ലാത്തവനും വീരനുമായും, ആക്രമകരെ അടിച്ചമർത്തുന്നതിൽ നിപുണനുമായും, എങ്കിലും കരുണാശീലനായും; ഇന്ദ്രിയജയനായും, പ്രജകളോടു വാത്സല്യമുള്ളവനായും, ധനം ഉദാരമായി വിഭജിക്കുന്നവനായും ഉള്ള രാജാവിനെ ആശ്രയിച്ചാണ് ജനങ്ങൾ ജീവനം നിലനിർത്തുന്നത്.

धृष्टम्bold, fearless
धृष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधृष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शूरम्hero, brave man
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रहर्तारम्striker, assailant (one who smites)
प्रहर्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रहर्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनृशंसम्compassionate, not cruel
अनृशंसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृशंस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जितेन्द्रियम्self-controlled (having conquered the senses)
जितेन्द्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वत्सलम्affectionate
वत्सलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवत्सल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संविभक्तारम्distributor, giver (one who apportions)
संविभक्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंविभक्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपजीवन्तिlive by, subsist on
उपजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तम्him, that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नराःmen, people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (ideal ruler)
P
people/subjects (narāḥ)

Educational Q&A

An ideal king sustains society by combining fearlessness and the capacity to punish with compassion, self-mastery, parental care for subjects, and generous distribution of resources; people naturally depend on such a ruler for security and livelihood.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma describes the traits of a worthy ruler, explaining why subjects ‘live by’ taking refuge in a king who protects firmly yet remains humane and disciplined.