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Shloka 31

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

दानेनान्यं बलेनान्यमन्यं सूनूृतया गिरा । सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्नीयादू राज्यं प्राप्पेह धार्मिक:,धर्मात्मा राजा राज्य पानेके अनन्तर किसीको दानसे, किसीको बलसे और किसीको मधुर वाणीद्वारा सब ओरसे अपने वशमें कर ले

dānenānyaṃ balenānyam anyaṃ sūnṛtayā girā | sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyād rājyaṃ prāpyeha dhārmikaḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജ്യം ലഭിച്ച ശേഷം ധർമ്മാത്മാവായ രാജാവ് ചിലരെ ദാനത്തിലൂടെ, ചിലരെ ബലത്തിലൂടെ, മറ്റുചിലരെ മധുരവും സത്യവുമായ വാക്കുകളിലൂടെ—ഇങ്ങനെ എല്ലാദിക്കുകളിലും ജനങ്ങളെ തന്റെ അധീനതയിൽ വരുത്തണം।

दानेनby gift/charity
दानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्यम्another (person)
अन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलेनby force/power
बलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्यम्another (person)
अन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अन्यम्another (person)
अन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सूनृतयाby truthful/pleasant speech
सूनृतया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसूनृत
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
गिराby speech/words
गिरा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगिर्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सर्वतःfrom all sides; in every way
सर्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
प्रतिगृह्णीयात्should win over/accept (to himself)
प्रतिगृह्णीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिग्रह् (√ग्रह्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राज्यम्the kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्राप् (√आप्)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
धार्मिकःrighteous
धार्मिकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधार्मिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मात्माwhose nature is dharma; virtuous-souled
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king
K
kingdom

Educational Q&A

A dharmic ruler governs by appropriate means: generosity to secure goodwill, strength to restrain wrongdoing and protect order, and gentle truthful speech to persuade—thus integrating compassion, authority, and ethical communication.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises the king on practical governance after attaining sovereignty: consolidate rule by winning different people through gifts, force when necessary, and courteous truthful words.