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Shloka 12

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament for Karṇa and Renunciation-Oriented Self-Assessment (शोक-प्रलापः / त्याग-प्रवृत्तिः)

काममन्युपरीतास्ते क्रोधहर्षसमन्विता: । मृत्युयानं समारुह्मु गता वैवस्वतक्षयम्‌,वे काम और क्रोधके वशीभूत थे, हर्ष और रोषसे भरे हुए थे, अतः मृत्युरूपी रथपर सवार हो यमलोकमें चले गये

kāmamanyuparītās te krodhaharṣasamanvitāḥ | mṛtyuyānaṃ samāruhya gatā vaivasvatakṣayam ||

അവർ കാമവും ക്രോധവും കീഴടക്കിയവർ ആയിരുന്നു; ഹർഷവും രോഷവും നിറഞ്ഞവർ. അതിനാൽ മരണത്തിന്റെ വാഹനത്തിൽ കയറി വൈവസ്വതന്റെ ധാമമായ യമലോകത്തിലേക്ക് പോയി।

कामby desire
काम:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मन्युपरीताःovercome by wrath
मन्युपरीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्युपरीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रोधहर्षसमन्विताःendowed with anger and joy
क्रोधहर्षसमन्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रोधहर्षसमन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृत्युयानम्the vehicle of death
मृत्युयानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्युयान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समारुह्यhaving mounted
समारुह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-रुह्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
गताःwent / having gone
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast participle (kta), Plural
वैवस्वतक्षयम्to the abode of Vaivasvata (Yama)
वैवस्वतक्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैवस्वतक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
Vaivasvata (Yama)
M
mṛtyu-yāna (vehicle/chariot of Death)
Y
Yamaloka (implied by vaivasvatakṣaya)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that when people are dominated by kāma (desire) and krodha/manyu (anger), even moments of triumph (harṣa) become morally blinding; such loss of restraint leads to downfall—symbolized as being carried on Death’s vehicle to Yama’s realm.

Yudhiṣṭhira describes certain persons (contextually, those acting under violent passions) as departing this world: driven by desire and anger, they metaphorically ‘mount’ Death’s conveyance and reach Vaivasvata’s abode, i.e., the realm of Yama.