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Shloka 23

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

यद्यप्यस्य विपत्ति: स्याद्‌ रक्षमाणस्य वै प्रजा: । सो<प्यस्य विपुलो धर्म एवंवृत्ता हि भूमिपा:,प्रजाकी रक्षा करते हुए राजाके प्राण चले जायेँ तो भी वह उसके लिये महान धर्म है। राजाओंके व्यवहार और बर्ताव ऐसे ही होने चाहिये

yady apy asya vipattiḥ syād rakṣamāṇasya vai prajāḥ | so 'py asya vipulo dharma evaṁvṛttā hi bhūmipāḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—പ്രജയെ കാക്കുന്നതിനിടെ രാജാവിന് ദുരന്തം സംഭവിച്ചാലും, ജീവൻ പോലും നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടാലും, അതും അവനു മഹാധർമ്മമാണ്. രാജാക്കന്മാരുടെ ആചാരവും ശാസനശീലവും ഇങ്ങനെയായിരിക്കണം—ജനരക്ഷയെ സ്വന്തം ജീവനെക്കാൾ മേലായി കാണുക.

यद्यपिeven if / although
यद्यपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि + अपि
अस्यof him (of that king)
अस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
विपत्तिःcalamity, misfortune
विपत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविपद् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
स्यात्may be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formoptative (vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
रक्षमाणस्यof (him) who is protecting
रक्षमाणस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु) → रक्षमाण (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अस्यfor him / of him
अस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
विपुलःgreat, abundant
विपुलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धर्मःduty, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
वृत्ताःconducting themselves, behaving
वृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √वृत्/√वृत्त् → भूतकृदन्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भूमिपाःkings (protectors of the earth)
भूमिपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि + पा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
bhūmipāḥ (kings/rulers)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s foremost dharma is the protection of the people; even if that duty brings personal loss or death, the act remains a ‘great dharma’ because kingship is defined by self-sacrificing guardianship.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira about ideal royal conduct, emphasizing that true kings act as protectors of the subjects even under extreme danger.