Shloka 5

सप्ताड्ुस्य च राज्यस्य विपरीतं य आचरेत्‌ । गुरुर्वा यदि वा मित्र प्रतिहन्तव्य एव सः,राज्यके सात अड़ हैं--राजा, मन्त्री, मित्र, खजाना, देश, दुर्ग और सेना। जो इन सात अड़ोंसे युक्त राज्यके विपरीत आचरण करे, वह गुरु हो या मित्र, मार डालनेके ही योग्य है

saptāṅgasya ca rājyasya viparītaṃ ya ācaret | gurur vā yadi vā mitra pratihantavya eva saḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— രാജ്യത്തിന് ഏഴ് അംശങ്ങളുണ്ട്—രാജാവ്, മന്ത്രി, മിത്രം, കോശം, ദേശം, ദുർഗം, സേന. ഈ ഏഴ് അംശങ്ങളാൽ സമ്പന്നമായ രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ ഹിതത്തിന് വിരുദ്ധമായി ആരെങ്കിലും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചാൽ, അവൻ ഗുരുവായാലും മിത്രമായാലും—അവൻ ശിക്ഷാർഹൻ; ആവശ്യമെങ്കിൽ വധാർഹനുമാണ്.

सप्तof seven
सप्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अङ्गस्यof the limb/constituent (of the state)
अङ्गस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्यस्यof the kingdom/state
राज्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
विपरीतम्contrary (to it)
विपरीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविपरीत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आचरेत्should act / would behave
आचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ√चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गुरुःa teacher/elder
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मित्रम्a friend/ally
मित्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिहन्तव्यःto be slain / must be killed
प्रतिहन्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति√हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (tavya), passive necessity
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the kingdom/state (rājya)
G
guru (teacher/preceptor)
M
mitra (friend/ally)
S
saptāṅga (seven limbs of the state)

Educational Q&A

The welfare of the state and the maintenance of rajadharma override private relationships: anyone who acts against the proper order of a well-constituted kingdom—even a guru or friend—must be decisively restrained, even to the point of lethal punishment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira on governance and security. He emphasizes that threats to the state’s foundational elements must be met firmly, without favoritism based on personal bonds.