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Shloka 19

Atithi’s Direction to the Nāga-sage Padma at Naimiṣa (अतिथ्युपदेशः—नैमिषे पद्मनागोपाख्यानप्रस्तावः)

नैषामुक्षा वहति नोत वाहा न गर्गरो मथ्यति सम्प्रदाने । अपध्वस्ता दस्युभूता भवन्ति येषां राष्ट्रे ब्राह्मणा वृत्तिहीना:,जिनके राज्यमें ब्राह्मणोंक लिये कोई आजीविका न हो उन राजाओंकी सवारी, बैल और घोड़े नहीं रहते; दूसरोंको देनेके लिये उनके यहाँ दही-दूधके मटके नहीं मथे जाते हैं तथा वे अपनी मर्यादासे भ्रष्ट होकर लुटेरे हो जाते हैं

naiṣām uṣā vahati noto vāhā na gargarō mathyati sampradāne | apadhvastā dasyubhūtā bhavanti yeṣāṃ rāṣṭre brāhmaṇā vṛttihīnāḥ ||

ബ്രാഹ്മണർക്കു ജീവിക്കാനുള്ള ഉപാധി ഇല്ലാത്ത രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ സമൃദ്ധി അനുകൂലമായി നീങ്ങുകയില്ല—യോഗ്യമായ വാഹനങ്ങളോ കാള-കുതിരകളോ ഉണ്ടാകില്ല; ദാനാർത്ഥം തൈര്-പാൽ മഥിക്കുന്നതും നടക്കുകയില്ല. അത്തരം ഭരണാധികാരികൾ മര്യാദ വിട്ട് പതിതരായി കൊള്ളക്കാരായി മാറുന്നു.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these (kings/people)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
उक्षाbull
उक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउक्षन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वहतिcarries / bears (a load)
वहति:
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उतand / also / moreover
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
वाहाःdraught-animals / carriers (horses etc.)
वाहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाह
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गर्गरःchurn-pot / churn-vessel
गर्गरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्गर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
मथ्यतिis churned
मथ्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootमथ्
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
सम्प्रदानेfor giving / in the act of donation
सम्प्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रदान
Formneuter, locative, singular
अपध्वस्ताःfallen away / ruined
अपध्वस्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअपध्वस्त
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
दस्यु-भूताःbecome robbers
दस्यु-भूताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदस्यु-भूत
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
भवन्तिbecome / are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formpresent, 3, plural, parasmaipada
येषाम्of whom / whose
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formneuter, locative, singular
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
वृत्ति-हीनाःdeprived of livelihood
वृत्ति-हीनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्ति-हीन
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇāḥ)
K
Kingdom/state (rāṣṭra)
V
Vehicles/mounts (vāhāḥ)
C
Churning pot/vessel (gargaraḥ)
R
Robbers/plunderers (dasyu)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy and prosperity depend on sustaining dharmic social institutions—especially ensuring that Brahmins (teachers, ritual specialists, custodians of learning) have secure livelihood. When this support collapses, generosity and productive household economy decline, and rulers fall into lawless predation.

Arjuna states a moral-political observation: in a kingdom where Brahmins are left without livelihood, signs of well-being (proper conveyance, productive dairy churning for gifts) disappear, and the rulers, losing their moral boundaries, become like robbers.